Atomic Electronics
M. H. Nayfeh,* J. Hetrick, A. Archer
U.S. Office of Naval Research (In cooperation with the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology)

Using scanning tunneling microscopes augmented by laser radiation, this project aims to develop a new kind of electronics (atomic electronics), one that relies on quantum mechanics and the movement of single particles, with the purpose of one day producing devices many times faster and smaller than anything available today. In the project, atomic scale (nanometer scale)-fabricated structures will be embedded in the gate area of micron scale Si/SiO2 metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (FET) and GaAs/AlGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors.

Preparation and Characterization of Porous Silicon
M. H. Nayfeh,* Z. Yamani
University of Illinois

The project focuses on the preparation and characterization of the newly discovered optically active porous silicon. The studies include topographical, compositional, structural, optical, electrical, and chemical characterizations. These characterizations are correlated with conditions of preparation and with stability under different conditions.

Technology for Peace-Enhancing the Effectiveness of Multinational Interventions
J. D. Sullivan*
United States Institute of Peace; U of I Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security

This project will look at new technologies and alternative applications of existing technologies for a variety of peace operations ranging from classical peacekeeping to direct intervention. It will be concerned primarily with intervention in situations of political disorder or social array, especially where significant numbers of lives are at risk. Unfortunately, little attention has been given to identifying shortcomings stemming from the improper or inadequate application of existing or emerging technologies. While the development of new technologies cannot provide even a partial solution to all of the problems that will be encountered in future peace, the tools in hand are clearly not optimal and there is considerable scope for improvements of a technological character.

The Dynamic Metamorphosis of Science
E. A. Jackson*
University of Illinois; Santa Fe Institute

Since Poincare's topological characterizations of dynamics in the 1890s, followed by new mathematical modes of analysis and the introduction of the digital computer, the study of dynamics has been transformed from the Newtonian-analytic-solution perspective to the search for new forms of 'understanding' the complicated and complex dynamics in nature. The metamorphosis of science, which will result from recognizing the functional, mathematical, logical, and conceptual characterizations and the evolutionary constraints on nature's dynamics, is a basic area of research that is only beginning to be explored.

Writing with Atoms
M. H. Nayfeh,* J. Hetrick
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-87-K-0354 (In cooperation with the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology)

The project aims at achieving selective deposition of single atoms on surfaces with very high resolution that may reach atomic dimensions. Tunable lasers photodissociate molecules and highly excite the atomic fragments in the field of the sharp needle of a scanning tunneling microscope, which ionizes and guides the atoms to the surface.