Research in electrical and computer engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign encompasses a broad spectrum of areas which reflect the wide range of interest and expertise of the faculty, as illustrated by the number and diversity of the research projects denoted in the following pages. Almost all of the faculty members in the department are engaged in research and many do research in interdisciplinary programs and hold joint appointments in other departments and interdisciplinary laboratories. More than 450 graduate students and many undergraduates assist in this research effort.
Support for this research is provided by contracts and grants from several agencies of the federal government as well as from industrial sources. Other departments and laboratories in which the department's faculty hold affiliate status and are engaged in interdisciplinary research include Computer Science, General Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Music, Nuclear Engineering, Physics, Biophysics and Computational Biology, the Coordinated Science Laboratory, the Materials Research Laboratory, the Microelectronics Laboratory, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.
Path Planning for Robot Navigation
N. Ahuja*
Rockwell International
This project concerns efficient generation of object representations
from multiple perspectives. We are developing algorithms to generate
octree representation of an object from its planar projections. We use
the known representation of obstacles to plan efficient motion
trajectory to move an object from one location to another.
Image Segmentation
N. Ahuja,* R. Dugad
Eastman Kodak Co.
The goal of this project is to segment an image, or an image sequence,
into its constituent regions such that each region is characterized by
homogeneity of a three-dimensional property. Currently, we are
developing segmentation algorithms that use uniformity of three-
dimensional surface texture and three-dimensional object motion as
homogeneity criteria.
Sensory Feedback and Control of Legged Locomotion--Biological
Simulation and Robotic Implementation
N. Ahuja,* F. Delcomyn,* M. Nelson,* J. Hart, J. Cocatre-Zilgien, J.
Payne
National Science Foundation, INT 92-15265
This project is aimed at the design of a six-legged robot that is able
to traverse irregular terrain mimicking the locomotion capabilities of
insects. The completed robot will have a structure similar to that of
an insect. In the model, each leg has three degrees of freedom, and
the orientations and separations of joints are made to parallel the
anatomy of the insect's legs. The robot leg movements are powered
pneumatically (using compressed air) in an attempt to achieve the
strength and compliance of muscle. Various robot design parameters are
being obtained through experimental studies of insect locomotion. The
planned controller of the robot is based on central pattern generators
thought to coordinate the leg movements in insects.
Multiscale Image Structure Detection
N. Ahuja,* P. Bajcsy, K. Ratakonda
National Science Foundation, IRI 93-19038
The objectives of this research are analysis, development, real-time
implementation, and real-world application of a new image transform.
The transform is aimed at multiscale, low-level image segmentation,
i.e., extraction and representation of image structure at all
geometric and photometric scales present in an image. Specifically,
the transform detects contours and skeletons of image regions, and
identifies the cross-scale relationships among these. The scales
present are a priori unknown and must be identified automatically.
Application of the transform to a range of problems is investigated.
Image Matching and Interpretation
N. Ahuja,* P. Bajcsy
ATR International
This project is aimed at the interpretation of moving, nonrigid
surfaces carrying little or limited detail, with applications to
virtual space teleconferencing. The objectives include delineation of
moving parts of a scene, active selection of viewpoints and data
acquisition, and integration of focus, shading, and silhouette
information for functionality under a range of environmental
conditions.
Image Analysis, Perception, and Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes
N. Ahuja,* T. S. Huang, G. Lintern, J. Patel, T. Courtney,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N00014-93-I-1167
This project concerns (1) analysis of images of dynamic scenes, (2)
analysis-guided synthesis, and (3) perceptual evaluation of
synthesized image sequences with emphasis on computational speed, each
aimed at the 3-D motion and structure characteristics relevant to
navigation. The first part is concerned with integrated analysis and
estimation of 3-D motion and structure parameters from multiple image
cues or attributes, including those obtained during active acquisition
of image sequences and those extracted from the acquired image
sequence. Image synthesis is based on the new notion that the cues
that contributed the most to 3-D interpretation also would contribute
the most to perceptually realistic synthesis, thus suggesting an
approach to analysis-guided synthesis, compression, and visualization.
The perceptual evaluation tests the efficacy of analysis-guided
synthesis.
Hierarchical Image Representation, Analysis, and Manipulation
N. Ahuja,* R. Dugad, M. Singh, S. Yoon, M. Yang
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-96-1-0502
This research is aimed at high-performance image representation,
manipulation, and analysis. The use of image representation is
investigated for three-dimensional scene estimation and communication
of multidimensional and multivariate images (e.g., magnetic resonance
images and color images). New representations are developed for image
texture and perceptual groupings. Finally, multiscale representations
are used to develop a toolset for browsing of image databases, image
editing, and composition.
Neural Control, Active Sensing, and Sensorimotor Integration in
Hexapod Robots
N. Ahuja,* M. Nelson,* J. Hart, J. Ma
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-96-1-0657
The goal of this research project is to design, construct, and
evaluate integrated active sensing and motor control systems for
legged robots using insights provided by insect neurobiology. In
particular, we plan to develop and test neurally inspired robotic
control systems that acquire, process, and integrate sensory
information from two distinct sensory modalities in order to carry out
visually guided target tracking and target approach behavior in
environments that may include obstacles and irregular terrain. The two
sensory systems we will consider are: (1) tactile, proprioceptive, and
stress signals from leg sense organs and (2) visual signals from the
eyes, along with relevant proprioceptive signals related to head and
body position.
Augmented Reality
N. Ahuja,* A. Castano
U.S. Army Research Laboratory, DAAL01-96-2-0003F
The objective of this project is to develop computer vision-based
approaches to augmentation of 3-D displays of real scenes. Displays
may select a subset of original image features or add new ones to
enhance the perception of the scene structure and dynamics. The
displays may also overlay on the images information from a variety of
sources to increase the situational awareness.
Process Technology and Its Implications for Inspection and
Manufacturing of Ceramic Multichip Modules
J. Lewis,* S. Hutchinson*
National Science Foundation, DDM 93-13126
The objective of this research is to improve the quality,
reproducibility, and speed of ceramic-based multichip module
manufacturing. An interdisciplinary effort will focus on materials and
processing issues and on automated visual inspection of tape-cast
ceramic layers. This will be addressed by an experimental program that
(1) characterizes the rheological properties as a function of
suspension composition and time and (2) determines the microstructural
variations within the layers. Insights gained from this program will
be used to derive statistical models for defect occurrence, which will
then drive the inspection process. The result will be improved
dimensional control, reproducibility, and automated visual inspection
of tape-cast sheets.
Visual Servo Control of Robotic Systems
S. Hutchinson,* R. Kelly (CICESE)
National Science Foundation, IRI 96-13737
This project involves joint work with researchers at CICESE in
Ensenada, Mexico. The goal of this collaboration is to expand our own
research in the area of visual servo control of robotic manipulators
so that the previously neglected aspect of robot dynamics will be
taken into consideration. We currently have an active research program
in visual servo control at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign (UIUC). We will expand our current research efforts by
capitalizing on the dynamics and control expertise of the researchers
at CICESE. Our current research in intelligent control and in
optimizing the performance of visual servo systems will directly
benefit from these efforts.
Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems
M. W. Spong*
National Science Foundation, CMS-9402229, CMS-9712170
This project concerns the nonlinear control of underactuated
mechanical systems. This class of systems is quite broad and
encompasses flexible structures of all kinds including flexible link
robots, flexible joint robots, as well as robot models that include
actuator dynamics, and many of the classical control problems like the
ball-and-beam and cart-pole systems. Techniques such as partial
feedback linearization, singular perturbations, and passivity methods
are being applied for global and semiglobal stabilization of these
systems.
Integration of Machine Learning and Sensor-based Control in
Intelligent Robotic Systems
M. W. Spong,* J. DeJong (Comput. Sci.), S. Hutchinson,
National Science Foundation, IRI 92-16428; Electric Power Research
Institute, RP 8030-14
This project concerns the integration of machine learning and sensor-
based control in intelligent robotic systems. The research combines
techniques of explanation-based control with robust and adaptive
nonlinear control, computer vision, and robot motion planning. We wish
to go beyond the strict hierarchical control architectures typi-cally
used in robotic systems by integrating modeling, dy-namics, and
control at all levels of intelligence. Our ultimate goal is to combine
analytical techniques of nonlinear dynamics and control with
artificial intelligence into a single new paradigm, in which symbolic
reasoning holds an equal place with differential equation based
modeling and control.
Adaptive Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems
M. W. Spong,* R. Lozano, B. Brogliato, R. Ortega
National Science Foundation, INT-9415757
This project fundamental issues in the adaptive control of
underactuated mechanical systems. This class of systems encompasses
both holonomic and nonholonomic systems such as balancing and walking
robots, space robots, flexible link robots, and flexible joint robots,
as well as robot models that include actuator dynamics, and many of
the classical control problems like the ball-and-beam and cart-pole
systems. Techniques such as partial feedback linearization, singular
perturbations, and passivity-based methods are being applied for
global and semiglobal stabilization of these systems.
Processing of Gallium Nitride and Related Compounds
I. Adesida,* A. Schmitz
Samsung
This program consists of the development of viable processing methods
for gallium nitride and related compounds. A systematic study of
etching techniques, ohmic contact formation, and other metallizations
will be conducted.
Advanced Semiconductor Structures and Devices for the Next Generation
of Wireless Systems
I. Adesida,* C. Lee
Georgia Institute of Technology/National Science Foundation, ECS 96-
33535
This project is a collaboration with the Georgia Institute of
Technology and TRW, Inc. on the interplay between heterostructure
materials grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy and advanced
devices. Specific study of pseudomorphic InAlAs/InAsP/InP field effect
transistors for high-speed, high-power applications is addressed in
this research.
Silicon Heterojunction Terabit Electronics
I. Adesida,* J. Tucker,* K. Ismail,* C. L. Wang
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97-1-8906
This is an exploratory research project on advancing the performance
of silicon-based field effect transistors. The utilization of shallow
metal silicide Schottky source/drain and the use of strained Si/SiGe
materials are two of the pathways being explored to realize ultrasmall
(~ 25 nm) channel silicon-based heterojunction electronics capable of
low power and terabit operation. This is a collaborative effort with
IBM Corp. and Yale University.
Silicon-Germanium Modulation-doped Field Effect Transistors
I. Adesida,* K. Ismail*
National Science Foundation, ECS 97-10418
This collaborative program with IBM Corp. is to significantly advance
the growth and fabrication technologies for SiGe/Si modulation-doped
field effect transistors (MODFETs) needed for low-power, high-speed
microwave and digital applications. Specific goals are to study the
physics of short gate-length p-type, n-type, and complementary MODFETs
and to demonstrate simple circuits.
Gallium Nitride Optoelectronics
I. Adesida,* A. Ping, R. Zhou
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-21671
This project focuses on experimental issues for the fabrication of
novel optoelectronic devices and circuits in gallium nitride and
related materials. UV detectors, field effect transistors, and
heterojunction bipolar transistors will be investigated. Methods for
integrating these devices will also be explored.
Optoelectronic Integrated Receiver Circuits
I. Adesida,* A. Mahajan, P. Fay, G. Cueva
NSF Center for Compound Semiconductor Microelectronics
This program consists of fabricating and characterizing high-speed
optical and electronic devices. Novel advanced microelectronic
processes are used to fabricate MSM photodetectors and modulation-
doped transistors with submicrometer critical dimensions in various
III-V compound semiconductors. The final objective of this work is the
realization of wide bandwidth (>20 GHz) integrated optoelectronic
receiver circuits.
High-Speed Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors
I. Adesida,* G. Cueva
DARPA Center for Optoelectronics Science and Technology
This program is an experimental investigation on the design and
characterization of high-speed metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)
photodetectors working at long wavelengths (1.3 and 1.55 m). The
influence of nanometer-scale metal gratings and variations in the
photon-absorbing layer on the speed will be investigated. The utility
of transparent conductors as the electrodes will also be investigated.
Electronic and Transport Properties of Ultralow-dimensional
Semiconductor Structures
I. Adesida,* J.-P. Leburton,* A. Kulier
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-J-1270
Ultralow-dimensional structures, such as quantum wires or quantum
dots, characterized by transverse dimensions below 100 nm may
constitute the next generation of very sophisticated semiconductor
devices. This research is aimed at investigating the potential of
these artificial systems for VLSI and high-speed applications. This
effort involves the fabrication and characteristics of low-dimensional
structures as well as basic studies and modeling of their electronic
and transport properties.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope-based Nanolithography
I. Adesida,* S. Bishop,* P. Bohn,* K. Y. Cheng,* K. Hess,* J. W.
Lyding,* M. Nayfeh,* J. R. Tucker*
U.S. Office of Naval Research University Research Initiative, N00014-
92-J-1519
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is being developed as a
nanofabrication tool to extend electronic device fabrication into the
sub-0.1 regime. This University Research Initiative is combining STM
nanolithography with electron beam lithography, molecular beam
epitaxy, dry processing, and silicon and III-V device fabrication to
pursue this goal. To date, linewidths of 1 nm have been achieved on
silicon surfaces using a unique ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) STM system
constructed at the Beckman Institute. This capability is now being
applied to fabricate devices that are controlled by quantum size
effects.
Fabrication of Microminiature Devices and Micro-Electrical-Mechanical
Systems
I. Adesida, T. A. DeTemple, K-C. Hsieh, B. C. Wheeler;
University of Illinois Critical Research Initiative Program
Applications for micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) that are
being developed include low-cost microoptical mechanical switches for
telecommunications, mechanical devices for microsurgery, and masks for
biological molecule deposition. This project is aimed at high-force
and displacement devices, as well as using dissimilar materials and
creating 3-D utility from planar elements. One approach is to combine
wafer-scale and laser-material processing to join elements which
cannot be fabricated in the same process as silicon. Research in
silicon and laser-material processing is currently being developed to
solve the fundamental issues of MEMS.
Processes for GaN-based Laser Structures
I. Adesida,* C. Youtsey
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; CREE Research, Inc.
This project is to develop processes for the fabrication of GaN/AlGaN
laser structures. Various patterning schemes based on ion-assisted and
laser-assisted etching will be investigated for the formation of laser
facets.
Coherent Wavepacket Motion in Semiconductors
R. Giannetta,* I. Adesida,* A. Kulier
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH-04-95-1-0618
This project seeks to understand temporal coherence in nanostructures
and to determine the physical constraints for coherent electronic
motion in future ultrahigh-speed devices. Both interferometric and
spectroscopic measurements will be used to probe electronic
wavepackets in fabricated GaAs/AlGaAs nanostructures.
Quantum Circuits at High Frequencies
R. Giannetta,* I. Adesida,* J. White,* P. Phillips*
University of Illinois Critical Research Initiative Program
This project involves using the combination of ultrafast laser and
electrooptic methods (terahertz spectroscopy) to probe the response of
mesoscopic devices at low temperatures. The goal is to understand
single electron dynamics at dc and terahertz frequencies.
Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors for Ultrahigh Frequency
Applications
I. Adesida,* A. Mahajan
Kopin Corp.
InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic modulation-doped field effect
transistors are investigated for applications up to W band. Novel
fabrication technologies will be applied to fabricate short gate
length devices and to facilitate manufacturability. Various
heterostructure configurations will be investigated for high-power and
high-speed performance.
Engineering Services and Utilities for the Bondville Field Station
E. Kudeki,* S. Henson
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Continuous operation of the FLATLAND ST (stratosphere-mesosphere)
radar administered by NOAA is maintained at the Bondville Field
Station. The FLATLAND radar, operating at a frequency of 50 MHz, has
been designed to investigate the dynamics of the atmosphere above a
plain area with insignificant orographical forcing. The routinely
measured reflectivity profiles and Doppler spectra are collected in a
NOAA database. Joint measurements with the Urbana Field Station MST
radar are performed to investigate the horizontal scale lengths of
atmospheric gravity waves and to follow the transit of weather fronts.
Radar Studies of the Equatorial Ionosphere
E. Kudeki,* E. Chapin, S. Bhattacharyya, J. Urbina
National Science Foundation, ATM 90-22400
The 50 MHz Jicamarca Radio Observatory located near Lima, Peru, is
used to investigate the structure and dynamics of the equatorial
ionosphere. In the mesosphere ionospheric D region, investigations aim
to resolve the internal structure of narrow echoing layers and
determine the relevant scattering/reflection mechanisms. In the higher
ionosphere, E- and F-region plasma drifts, instabilities, and
turbulence are under study. Current projects include efforts to
quantify the anisotropies of equatorial plasma turbulence, obtain
interferometric images of plasma irregularity structures, and measure
the component of ionospheric drifts in the geomagnetic field
direction. Major research effort is dedicated to the refinement of
radar techniques suitable for these studies.
Equatorial Middle Atmosphere Coupling and Dynamics Using the Jicamarca
Radar
E. Kudeki,* C. Fawcett
National Science Foundation, ATM 91-19923
This is a three-year project funded for stratospheric and mesospheric
wind and momentum flux deposition measurements using the 50 MHz radar
facilities at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory located near Lima, Peru.
The measurements are to be conducted during six 10-day campaigns
planned for the 1993-1995 period. The radar measurements will be used
to investigate the enegetics and coupling of various wave motions in
the equatorial middle atmosphere and their influence on the mean flow.
Engineering Services and Utilities for ST Radar Operation at the
Sidney Field Station
E. Kudeki,* S. Henson
National Science Foundation, SBC Utah State
This grant concerns the operation of an ST radar at the university's
Sidney Field Station. Tropospheric and stratospheric wind,
reflectivity, and aspect sensitivity measurements to be conducted with
the Sidney radar will complement similar measurements conducted by
similar radars operated at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory and
Bondville Field Station. The three-radar network will be used in
correlative studies of atmospheric gravity wave propagation in the
troposphere and the lower stratosphere as well as phenomena associated
with the evolution and dynamics of weather fronts.
Logic Design Verification and Correction
I. N. Hajj,* A. Veneris
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-90-J-1270
This project considers the problem of design error detection in logic
design implementations. Techniques have been developed to detect and
automatically correct single and multiple design errors. The approach
relies on functional verification methods and test vector simulation
techniques for error location and correction. The method is also
applicable to fault diagnosis and design modification and
optimization.
Design Verification of VLSI Circuits
I. N. Hajj,* T. Chen, N. Lu
Semiconductor Research Corp.
The aim of this research is to develop numerical methods and computer
algorithms for design verification and testing of VLSI circuits at the
timing and logic levels. This work includes circuit extraction from
layout and automatic test generation for bridging faults for combined
voltage and JDDQ testing. Hierarchical and mixed-mode simulation
methods including interconnect and cross-talk effects are being
developed.
Simulation and Design for Reliability Enhancement of VLSI Circuits
I. N. Hajj,* F. N. Najm, S. Bobba, J. Kozhaya
Semiconductor Research Corp.
Our goal is to develop computer-aided design techniques for predicting
the reliability of VLSI circuit designs, to detect if and when the
design does not meet reliability specifications, and to recommend
changes in the design to meet these specifications. In our work, we
have derived statistical techniques as well as worst-case estimation
methods that allow design for reliability to be done at a reasonable
cost. The results also give an estimate of the average and maximum
power drawn by different parts of the design. Fast methods for
estimating worst-case voltage drop in the power bus as well as worst-
case current flows in the bus for electromigration estimation are also
being developed.
An Integrated Design Methodology for Low-Power DSP and Communications
Systems
I. N. Hajj,* N. R. Shanbhag,* S. Ramprasad, S. Bobba
National Science Foundation, MIP-9710235
The goal of this project is to develop an integrated computer-aided
design (CAD) approach for the design of low-power hardware for digital
signal processing (DSP) and communications applications. The approach
incorporates high-level (algorithmic) and low-level (circuit)
parameters and includes novel capabilities for design exploration and
low-power circuit synthesis. The design exploration will be done by
developing low-power constrained algorithm design procedures that
employ an analytic relation between word-level and bit-level signal
statistics. The synthesis effort will incorporate signal statistics,
high-level hardware models, and algorithm transformations to generate
low-power dedicated implementation of DSP algorithms.
Architectural Compiler Techniques for Low-Power Microprocessor Design
I. N. Hajj,* C. Polychronopoulos, N. Bellas, R. Whitestone
Intel Corp.
The aim of this project is to develop hardware/software techniques for
low-power microprocessor design. The hardware modification involves
the addition of a special loop cache. The additional hardware is
designed to reduce power, but not to affect the overall performance of
the design. Compiler modifications techniques necessary for the
hardware addition are also being developed. We plan to use profile-
based techniques to detect the most frequently used basic blocks of
the benchmark programs and cache them in the special loop cache.
Computer-aided Design of Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits and
Optical Interconnects
S. M. Kang,* P. Mena, A. Xiang, J. Yang
NSF Center for Compound Semiconductor Microelectronics; DARPA Center
for Optoelectronics Science and Technology
The aim of this project is to develop accurate component models and
simulation programs that are essential for the analysis and
development of optoelectronic integrated circuits, optical
interconnects, and buses. Circuit models for optoelectronic devices,
such as MSM photodetectors, both edge- and surface-emitting multiple
quantum-well laser diodes, and waveguides, have been developed and
implemented into a simulation circuit-level program, v SPICE.
Also, optical link simulator iFROST has been developed for systems-
level analysis of parallel optical buses in high-performance computing
and communcation systems. Potential applications of these CAD tools
for optical network reliability are being investigated.
iPOINT Testbed for Optical Interconnects
S. M. Kang,* S. G. Bishop,* R. Campbell,* G. Papen,*
NSF Center for Compound Semiconductor Microelectronics; DARPA Center
for Optoelectronics Science and Technology
A fully functional systems testbed is used to develop optoelectronic
subsystems such as optoelectronic transmitter arrays, photoreceiver
arrays, and switching subsystems. Operating systems and softwares are
also being developed for multimedia, video/audio teleconferencing over
optically linked workstations in the Beckman Institute and the Digital
Computer Laboratory. Recently 1 Gbps trunk port has been implemented
using UIUC optoelectronic devices, along with an intelligent queue to
support QoS.
Modeling and Simulation of VLSI Reliability
S. M. Kang,* E. Rosenbaum,* C. C. Teng, L. P. Yuan,
Semiconductor Research Corp.; Texas Instruments, Inc.
Designing reliability into VLSI to obtain first-pass reliable VLSI
devices has become increasingly important in recent years. Both long-
term and catastrophic early life failures will be modeled and
simulated to study VLSI reliability. For the simulation of circuit
performance degradation, new MOS transistor models that include hot
carrier-induced device degradation effects and electrical overstress
have been developed. Both experimental and theoretical investigations
are pursued for development of new models and simulators. Automatic
extraction of parasitic devices in I/O circuits is being developed for
reliability-driven I/O synthesis.
Scalable Optoelectronic ATM Networks
S. M. Kang,* J. Lockwood,* H. Duan, A. Hossain, A. Xiang
AT&T Foundation; National Science Foundation; Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are used to provide high
bandwidth for future information infrastructure. The scalability of
ATM switches and queueing modules is being investigated to maximize
the utility of photonic, electronic, and optoelectronic devices. New
algorithms for switch control, input queueing, and priority control
are being developed and tested on an iPOINT testbed using multimedia
traffic and its model. Hardware modules have been developed and
inserted to enhance the scalability of ATM communications.
Low-Power Digital CMOS Circuits
S. M. Kang,* S. M. Yoo, C. W. Kim
University of Illinois
State-of-the-art VLSI chips are being used in portable systems that
require compactness, high speed, and long battery life. New innovative
circuit design techniques are required for high speed with low power
consumption. Power-minimum high-speed circuit design methods are being
developed to drastically reduce the power consumption of state-of-the-
art CMOS circuits. Several benchmark circuits such as multipliers are
used to demonstrate significant power savings without resorting to
power supply scaling, substrate biasing, or threshold voltage tuning.
Simulation of High-Speed Interconnects
S. M. Kang,* C. Gokner, H. Kutuk
University of Illinois
The interconnects for high-speed circuits and systems need to be
modeled accurately in order to examine the signal integrity and signal
propagation delay times. In this project, we are developing new
modeling and simulation techniques for time-efficient and accurate
simulation of interconnect lines in conjunction with fast MOS timing
simulator ILLIADS. In particular, the interface issues between Ricatti
solver and the method of moment for transmission line analysis are
being investigated for time-efficient and accurate timing simulation
of very high-speed VLSI circiuts wherein inductance effects become
important.
Electrothermal Stress-tolerant Deep Submicron Low-Power Circuits
I. N. Hajj,* S. M. Kang,* E. Rosenbaum,* E. Li, T. Li
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
We plan to develop the scientific and engineering expertise needed to
produce reliable deep submicron, low-power integrated circuits and to
develop I/O protection circuits with electrical overstress (EOS) and
electrostatic discharge (ESD) resilience. We are also exploring the
physics of device operation under short duration, high current stress,
and at high temperature. We are developing models and guidelines for
reliable I/O protection circuits for both bulk and silicon-on-
insulator (SOI) CMOS technologies. We will also develop design methods
to ensure that on-chip interconnects have electromigration resilience
while consuming a minimum of chip area. To evaluate the current stress
levels in large-scale metallic interconnects, we are developing
efficient statistical techniques.
Thermal Limitations of Interconnect Design Rules
S. M. Kang,* E. Rosenbaum,* Y. K. Cheng, E. Li, C. H. Tsai
Texas Instruments, Inc.
Electromigration and the interconnect parasitic resistance increase
are thermally activated; therefore, interconnect temperature must be
correctly modeled in order to predict (simulate) electromigration
reliability and electrical performance. Circuit design with the aid of
accurate reliability simulation tools is far preferable to blind
application of overly conservative reliability design rules, which
generally result in significant area and performance penalties. We are
developing accurate temperature models for interconnects, which
account for joule heating, heat flow from the substrate, and heat flow
from neighboring interconnects. A three-dimensional, geometry
conserving layout extractor has been developed. Temperature models
have been implemented in temperature-dependent timing simulator
ILLIADS-T.
Power Estimation in VLSI Circuits
F. N. Najm,* J. Kozhaya
Semiconductor Research Corp.
Excessive power dissipation in ICs discourages their use in portable
equipment and causes overheating, which can lead to soft errors or
permanent damage. The main conceptual difficulty in power estimation
is that the power depends on the input signals driving the circuit, a
more active circuit will consume more power. To account for this, most
recently proposed power estimation methods are based on a
probabilistic approach, but are limited to combinational circuits. The
aim of this project is to handle large VLSI circuits, allowing for
sequential and other circuit architectures. We handle sequential
behavior by using statistical estimation techniques to measure the
latch output statistics. From the results, it is possible to compute
the total power.
High-Level Power Estimation in VLSI Circuits
F. N. Najm,* M. Nemani
Intel Corp.; National Science Foundation, MIP 96-23237, MIP 97-10235;
Semiconductor Research Corp.; Rockwell International
The high density of modern integrated circuits has led to unacceptably
high levels of chip power consumption. Because of limited battery
life, this presents a severe limitation in the design of portable or
mobile electronics. Even in line-powered equipment, high-power chips
require expensive packages and heat-sinks. We are developing power
estimation techniques that work at high levels of abstraction, so that
the power can be estimated even before the gate-level design
description is available.
Power Macromodeling for High-Level Power Estimation
F. N. Najm,* S. Gupta
Intel Corp.; National Science Foundation, MIP 96-23237, MIP 97-
10235; Semiconductor Research Corp.; Rockwell International
Power estimation from a high level of abstraction is important in
order to provide early warning of major power problems. If part of the
chip is reused from a previous design, then the internal details of
that part are known. It would be very efficient to have a "high-
level" model of the power dissipation for this part, a
"macromodeling for power" technique. At the lowest level of
abstraction, this is a problem of "library characterization"
for power, where one is trying to model with as much detail as
possible the power dissipation of a transistor-level cell
representation by a gate-level power model. At the next level, we want
to extend this macromodeling technique to larger cells or, in general,
any combinational or sequential block specified at the gate or lower
level.
Reliability Engineering for Integrated Circuits
F. N. Najm,* G. Yoh
National Science Foundation, MIP 96-23237
We are developing a methodology for designing reliable ICs which would
allow designers to do reliability prediction and reliability
budgeting. Under reliability prediction, the system will accept a
description of the design at either a gate or higher level and will
provide an estimate of the chip reliability. Under reliability
budgeting, a specified failure rate or MTF for the whole chip will be
partitioned among the different chip components to provide reliability
targets for smaller pieces of the design. This allows designers to use
less conservative design styles, thus requiring less silicon area and
improving chip density and performance without sacrificing overall
chip reliability.
Worst-Case Activity Prediction
F. N. Najm,* J. Kozhaya
National Science Foundation, MIP 96-23237
The reliability of semiconductor integrated circuits depends both on
the manufacturing process and on the circuit design. On the design
side, high levels of switching activity inside a CMOS chip are a root
cause of many reliability problems, such as electromigration and hot-
carrier degradation. In this work, we aim to provide efficient and
accurate prediction of the worst-case (highest) realistic levels of
switching activity inside a logic circuit. By realistic, we mean that
the sought activity levels should correspond to real circuit operation
under realistic input vectors and not to fictitious and arbitrary
inputs.
Reliability-driven CAD System for Deep-Submicron VLSI Circuits
S. M. Kang,* E. Rosenbaum,* C. H. Tsai, E. Li, T. Li,
U.S. Air Force Rome Laboratory
The goal of this project is to develop a hierarchical reliability-
driven CAD system for concurrent checking of performance and
reliability during the design of deep-submicron VLSI/VLSI circuits. At
the top of the hierarchy lies reliability design rule checking. We are
developing design verification capabilities against hot-carrier-
induced degradation, time-dependent dielectric breakdown,
electromigration, and electrostatic discharge/electrical overstress.
Below rule checking in the design hierarchy are timing and circuit
simulation. The timing and circuit simulator ILLIADS-R and iETSIM are
enhanced to simulate circuit reliability in addition to performance. A
user-friendly interface is being developed for remote uses across the
Internet or in a group environment.
Electrothermal Simulation of Silicon ICs
S. M. Kang,* E. Rosenbaum,* Y. K. Cheng, L. P. Yuan
Intel Corp.
Increased power yields higher operating temperatures. Circuit-level
electrothermal simulation is not a feasible tool for studying VLSI-
size circuits. This project involves adding temperature models to a
timing-level simulator that can handle VLSI circuits. The circuit is
partitioned into blocks. Power consumption for each block is
calculated, and then the chipwide temperature distribution is
constructed. Once the temperature distribution is known, device models
are adjusted to local temperatures, and the timing simulator is used
to study chipwide performance. Also, users can specify average power
consumptions of several hundreds of modules on chip to obtain the on-
chip temperature profile. We are investigating computationally more
efficient methods.
Electrostatic Discharge Protection in SOI-CMOS Circuits
E. Rosenbaum,* P. Raha
National Science Foundation, ECS 96-23424 CAR
Silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology holds great promise as an
improved substrate for low-power, high-speed integrated circuits.
However, SOI-CMOS ICs will not be produced on any large scale if they
are susceptible to electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced failures.
This project will answer the fundamental questions about the ESD
reliability of SOI-CMOS technology. Thermal modeling, design of
protection devices, and experimental testing form the basis of this
investigation. Device models and stress limits developed in this
research project will be implemented in a CAD tool for full-chip ESD
reliability verification.
Characterization and Optimization of Deuterium-annealed Ultrathin
Dielectrics for 100 nm CMOS Applications
E. Rosenbaum,* L. F. Register, E. Li, J. Wu
Semiconductor Research Corp.
Under optimized anneal conditions, deuterium can passivate the Si/SiO2
interface and, under subsequent electron injection, the silicon-
deuterium bonds are much more difficult to dissociate than the Si-H
bonds formed during the conventional forming gas anneal. Detailed
studies are being performed to characterize fully the hot carrier and
oxide reliability of deuterium-annealed MOS transistors, to determine
whether there are any interactions between the deuterium and other
chemical species (such as boron) introduced during device processing,
and to ascertain the role of hydrogen in gate oxide degradation. It is
anticipated that deuterium annealing will allow the use of
performance-driven drain engineering and perhaps of new gate
dielectric materials.
Background Calibration Techniques for High-Resolution ADCs
B. S. Song,* C. W. Park
National Science Foundation, MIP 97-11010
High-resolution ADCs, when limited by component mismatch or circuit
nonidealities, have relied on corrective measures such as trimming or
electronic calibration. Two key concepts explored are dithering and
nonlinear interpolation, which are to corrupt the signal with a known
dither and to subtract the dither digitally later. Since the
calibration dither voltage injected into a specific stage experiences
a path gain set by a capacitor ratio, the capacitor ratio error of the
path can be measured indirectly by measuring its dither gain. The
ultimate goal of this project is to maintain high-frequency
performance by adding real-time trimming circuits operating in
background and leaving fast original architectures intact.
Low-Jitter Frequency Synthesizers with an Integrated VCO
B. S. Song,* W. G. Rhee
Rockwell International
Frequency synthesizers for communication receivers demand a very low-
jitter performance of a high-Q VCO because the reference frequency of
the PLL is usually the channel spacing. Because of the phase detection
at this low freqiency, the PLL loop doesn't effectively suppress the
phase jitter of the VCO. This research is to explore the feasibility
of using an integrated ring-oscillator VCO for frequency synthesizer
applications. The high level of the VCO phase jitter will be
suppressed by the PLL loop gain by using a phase detector operating at
much higher frequencies than the channel spacing. The jitter generated
by the fractional-N divider will be whitened, either using a sigma-
delta or a randomizing technique.
Low-Voltage NTSC Decoder for Portable Applications
B. S. Song,* M. J. Choe
Samsung, Inc.
New digital video applications have created a need for low-
voltage/power NTSC decoder with digital outputs for portable
applications. NTSC decoders are being implemented digitally with
front-end ADCs. Although the current approach is sound and flexible
due to its digital-domain implementation, it suffers from the large
chip area and power consumption. We propose to determine the
feasibility of implementing the same function with less chip area and
power with lower supply voltage. For this, we will investigate the
feasibility of partitioning the NTSC decoder system for a mixed
analog/digital implementation with more analog functions incorporated.
For TV audio, a completely digital FM demodulator is being developed.
Micropower Low-Voltage Video ADCs
B. S. Song,* H. S. Chen
Harris Semiconductor Corp.
A demand for digital signal processing has grown rapidly in the high-
quality video reproduction areas such as multimedia and high-defintion
television. Existing monolithic flash-type ADCs for video purposes,
although very fast, have been limited to typical 8-bit applications,
and require excessive area and power. The proposed research will be
focused on the application of scaled CMOS technologies to low-voltage
10-bit video-rate data conversions. The goal of the research is to
develop and prototype a 10-bit CMOS video ADC using a single 3-V
supply and 25 mW. A substantial power savings is obtained not by
efficient de-signs but by efficient architectures, such as recycling
ofamps, capacitive reference dividers, and purely dynamiccomparators.
A Digital FM Demodulator for FM, TV, and Wireless
B. S. Song,* M. J. Choe
Samsung, Inc.
An FM demodulator is being implemented digitally in software using a
quadricorrelator algorithm to make it compatible with future digital
wireless and FM receiver systems. The proposed digital FM demodulator
uses a sinc-cube decimation filter with its first zero either on the
alternate or on the adjacent channels for high channel selectivity, a
digital differentiator using a three-point approximation for frequency
discrimination, and a digital division for AM rejection. A bitstream
FM signal from a fourth-order bandpass delta-sigma modulator is FM-
demodulated to exhibit a SNDR of 71 dB, a THD of 0.01%, and an AM
rejection of 77 dB in simulations using a signal band limited to
1/200 of the sampling frequency and amplitude-modulated with a
modulation index of 0.9 (90% AM).
Direct-Conversion Receiver with Path Offset, Gain, and Phase
Correction
B. S. Song,* Y. H. Kim
Motorola, Inc.
Direct conversion to dc can greatly simplify RF receiver architecture,
but it suffers from three major errors: dc offsets, amplitude
imbalance, and phase error. We propose to demonstrate an offset and
image-suppressed direct-conversion system and to reduce cost and power
consumption of analog front end without sacrificing overall BER. The
proposed architecture is generic in most bandpass digital signal
processing applications, and future communication RF techniques will
rely heavily on the availability of such components as we propose to
develop in this work.
Low-Spurious DACs for Wireless Applications
B. S. Song,* A. Bugeja
Motorola, Inc.
We are conducting research into the design of digital-analog
converters for applications where high speed and resolution are
required, such as wide bandwidth communications. Typical
specifications being considered are sampling rates in excess of 50 MHz
and resolution of 14 bits or higher. The aim is to produce integrated
DACs exhibiting true n-bit dynamic linearity, i.e., SFDR of
approximately -90 dB. The current focus of this research is the
feasibility of using special output stages which can couple to the
analog outputs of a high-speed DAC and provide improved SFDR. We plan
to construct chips in which these stages are integrated with the DAC
on the same die, as well as separate modules.
Low-Power VLSI Algorithms and Architectures for DSL
N. R. Shanbhag,* J. Baker, M. Goel, S. Ramprasad
Rockwell International; Samsung, Inc.
This research seeks to develop low-power equalizer architectures for
digital subscriber loop applications, which includes receivers based
upon discrete multitone transmission (DMT) scheme for asymmetric
digital subscriber loops (ADSL), carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP)
modulation for very high-speed digital subscriber loops (VDSL), and
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) local area networks (LANs). System
partitioning of functionality into programmable and dedicated
processing units is being determined to achieve the lowest power. A
key feature of our approach is the joint organization of algorithmic
performance and power dissipation via the application of algebraic,
Hilbert, and dynamic algorithm transformations.
Design and Prototyping of Broadband Communications Systems
N. R. Shanbhag,* B. Chau
Analog Devices, Inc.
Adaptive equalizers are a major component of receivers in modern day
communications systems. With the drive toward increasingly higher
transmission rates, there is a corresponding increase in the
complexity and therefore power dissipation and area of adaptive
receivers. This research focuses on the development of low-power
adaptive equalizers via the application of algorithm transformation
techniques. Prototyping of communications algorithms incorporating
these equalizers on a programmable DSP/FPGA platform is also being
done.
Adaptive Computing Systems--Performance Limits and Realizations
N. R. Shanbhag,* M. Goel, R. Hegde, S. Ramprasad,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DABT63-97-C-0025
This project aims to develop a firm theoretical foundation for mixed
hardware-software system design and a practical design methodology for
adaptive computing systems (ACS) for digital signal processing (DSP)
and communications applications. The theoretical foundation is based
on determining the achievable performance (specifically power
dissipation and reliability) bounds for hardware-software based VLSI
computing systems via an information-theoretic approach. The design
methodology for adaptive computing systems is based on a new class of
algorithm transformations referred to as dynamic algorithm
transformations (DAT). These transformations enable the joint
optimization of algorithm and circuit performance by exploiting
nonstationarities in the signal and user environment.
Fundamental Bounds on VLSI Computation
N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Hegde, L. Wang
National Science Foundation, MIP 96-23737
The goal of this research is to develop an information-theoretic basis
for VLSI computation, to determine fundamental achievable bounds on
VLSI performance, and to investigate methods to achieve these bounds.
We have developed a mathematical basis for power reduction in VLSI
systems in which the computation in a DSP algorithm is viewed as a
process of information transfer with an inherent information transfer
rate requirement. Architectures implementing a given algorithm are
equivalent to communication networks each with a certain capacity.
Numerical calculations of lower bounds on power dissipation for simple
static CMOS circuits as well as pipelined and parallel processing
architectures have demonstrated the usefulness of this theory.
Sparse Random Ultrasound Phased Arrays for Focal Surgery
L. A. Frizzell*
National Institutes of Health, CA66462, SBC Labthermics Technologies,
Inc.
The use of ultrasound phased array, high-intensity focusing systems
for ablation of tissue (surgery) allows electronic control of focal
size and shape, as well as position, thus eliminating the necessity of
a cumbersome mechanical scanning apparatus. While phased arrays have
been employed for medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications
(hyperthermia), they often require a prohibitively large number of
elements. This study will determine if sparsely filled arrays, with
the individual elements randomly located on the array surface, will
facilitate the use of larger elements and spacing than used currently,
reducing the number of elements and amplifiers required.
Second-Generation Commercial Ultrasound Therapy Arrays
L. A. Frizzell,* P. K. Mandava
National Institutes of Health, CA65206, SBC Labthermics Technologies,
Inc.
This study involves the continued development of a new generation of
commercial ultrasound applicators and associated hardware/software
capable of improved heating uniformity and depth control within the
body, with specific application to thermal therapy for breast cancer
and chest wall recurrence. Specifically, applicators will be
constructed and tested that will offer (1) higher frequency operation
to limit penetration depth where indicated, (2) simultaneous dual
frequency operation so the frequency can be independently selected for
the different elements in the applicator array, and (3) an improved
means for coupling these new applicators for breast and chest wall
treatments.
Development of a Dermofluorometer to Monitor Skin Fluorescence and
Blood Flow Following Administration of Fluorescein
R. L. Magin,* A. Zhang, D. Oh
UIUC-VA Medical Center, Danville, Ill.
This pilot research study is aimed at the development of a dynamic
dermofluorometer for the rapid and continuous recording of tissue
fluorescence. Such an instrument should increase the diagnostic
information provided by fluorescence tissue measurements when
incorporated into a pharmacokinetic model of dye distribution. Thus,
tissue fluorescence changes in response to exercise, localized
heating, or drug therapy could be used to obtain dynamic information
on the physiological state of tissue.
Enhancement of the Teacher Preparation and General Science Education
at UIUC
R. L. Magin,* B. Bruce
National Science Foundation, DUE 91-55899
The general goal of this project is the development of improved
teaching methods and materials for preparing science and mathematics
teachers. The specific aim is to develop models and examples that
incorporate new science and engineering instructional materials into
teacher preparation courses for elementary and secondary education
teachers. This effort is a collaboration between the College of
Education and the College of Engineering at UIUC. Current advances in
science, engineering, and bioengineering research in the College of
Engineering are being transferred into teacher preparation courses and
internships offered by the College of Education.
Ultrasonic Anistropy of Biological Tissues
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* K. A. Topp
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, CA09067
The object of this project is to evaluate ultrasonic anisotropy of
biological tissues. This work will impact the ability to diagnose
malignant tissue whereas current diagnostic ultrasound capability can
only identify whether the tissue is abnormal and not necessarily
malignant. The quantification of ultrasonic propagation properties is
dependent on tissue anisotropy, and therefore it is necessary to have
the capability to assess tissue anisotropy in order to diagnose tissue
abnormalities such as malignancies. The approach is to measure the
ultrasonic propagation properties which include propagation speed,
attenuation, and backscatter. The approach is also to develop a
theoretical basis for the ultrasonic anisotropic behavior of
propagation speed, attenuation, and backscatter.
Acoustical Characterization of Soil to Evaluate Subsurface Imaging
Requirements
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* R. G. Darmody (Agronomy),
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, DACA88-94-D-
0008
The objective of the research program is to develop the basic acoustic
propagation and backscattering database to evaluate the acoustic
imaging tradeoffs for detecting and characterizing buried artifacts in
ground soil.
Human Ultrasound Dosimetry in Ovarian, Embryonic, and Fetal
Examinations
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* D. S. Ellis, E. D. Swiney
National Institutes of Health, HD 21687, SBC University of Cincinnati
Medical Center
The specific research aims are to measure the ultrasonic energy
delivered to the human ovary, early embryo, and mid-trimester fetus
using currently available diagnostic imaging equipment. Specially
designed hydrophones will be placed as close as possible to the
ovaries in normal volunteers. Exposure to the embryo will be
determined by placing the hydrophones as close as possible to the
embryo in utero. Once the dosimetry in these clinical situations has
been established, then meaningful data regarding the effect of
diagnostic ultrasound in human pregnancy can be obtained and
"safe" levels of ultrasonic energy established for patients
of varying size and gestation.
General Solutions for Tissue Temperature Increases
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* M. Goveygov
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, CA09067
The objective of this research is to evaluate theoretical tissue
temperature increases due to focused diagnostic ultrasound fields
under various realistic tissue models. The approach is to apply the
point-source, harmonic, spherical solution of the linear acoustic wave
equation to the appropriate source aperture geometry for the
particular tissue model, from which the general acoustic pressure
field distribution is obtained. The tissue transient and steady-state
temperature increase are then calculated by applying the point-source
solution of the bioheat transfer equation to the calculated field
distribution.
Acoustic Imaging of Defects in Shelf-Stable Food Packages' Microbial
Integrity
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* S. A. Morris* (Food Sci.), A. Ozguler (Food
Sci.), P. K. Rooney
University of Illinois Value-added Research Opportunities Program,
Agricultural Experiment Station
The long-term objective is to further the state of the art of
detecting defects that will compromise the integrity of new types of
food packages by using a research team approach (experts in packaging,
acoustic imaging, and challenge testing). The SLAM technology also
operates at much higher frequencies (commercially available up to 500
MHz), thus providing the capability of achieving resolution limits of
4m. The short-term objective of this pilot study is to identify the
fundamental resolution limit by the Bioacoustics Research Laboratory's
SLAM (operates at 100 MHz) of detecting packaging defects in
order to develop a theoretical basis to improved image resolution
capabilities.
Subsurface Acoustic Imaging of Cultural Artifacts
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* D. C. Munson, Jr., R. G. Darmody (Agronomy), C.
A. H. Frazier, N. Cadalli, E. D. Swiney
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, DACA88-96-K-
0002
The objective of the research program is to evaluate the feasibility
for subsurface detection of cultural artifacts. The hypothesis is that
subsurface artifacts can be detected using various acoustic imaging
approaches. The principal unknowns are the axial and lateral spatial
resolutions required as a function of buried artifacts in ground soil
and the contrast resolution at which detection can be achieved for
various soil types and conditions.
Simulation of Ultrasound Phase Aberration in Biological Tissues
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* Z. Q. Wang*
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
One-dimensional (linear) array transducers are used with virtually
every diagnostic ultrasound imaging system with major efforts to
develop efficient 2-D array transducers. Array imaging requires a
medium with a homogeneous propagation speed to yield the optimal
resolution. However, phase aberration results from tissue
microstructure inhomogeneities, which seriously degrades the focusing
of the ultrasonic beam and thus limits the resolution of modern
ultrasonic imaging systems. This study aims to solve the 3-D (spatial)
or 4-D (spatial and temporal) acoustic wave equation in a medium of
variable propagation speed and density with the finite-difference time
domain (FDTD) method and to analyze the time delay dependence of
ultrasonic pulses on the tissue properties.
Coupled Rayleigh Wave Propagation in an Elastic Plate
J. G. Harris* (Theoret. & Appl. Mech.),
American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund
The longer service life of structures such as pipelines means that
they must be monitored for damage more thoroughly and over a longer
period of time. Using coupled surface waves may be one way to inspect
the inner (not easily accessible) surface of a pipe from its outer
surface. Moreover, if the damage were a small surface-breaking fatigue
crack, then a surface wave would readily detect the crack because the
surface wave would strike the crack broadside, or if the damage were
corrosion, then a surface wave would be more severely attenuated by
the patch of corrosion at the surface than a bulk wave. The study aims
to evaluate coupled surface waves so that they can be used for such
nondestructive testing.
Real-Time Acoustic Imaging Development for Defects Detection in Shelf-
Stable Food Packages
W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* S. A. Morris* (Food Sci.), A. Ozguler (Food
Sci.), P. K. Rooney
University of Illinois Value-added Research Opportunities Program,
Agricultural Experiment Station
Typical real-time ultrasonic imaging is performed with phased array
ultrasonic transducers using the ultrasonic backscattered signal.
Previously we demonstrated that ultrasonic backscattered signal
evaluation can detect packaging defects better than the system's
resolution limit. This was accomplished with the development of a new
pulse-echo image processing strategy called BII (backscattered
integrated imaging)-mode imaging. These images were constructed under
laboratory (static) conditions with off-line computer processing
(nonreal-time processing). The research aim is to evaluate the extent
to which the BII-mode pulse-echo technique can detect and classify
packaging defects under real-time, production-line speed conditions.
Fabrication of Microminiature Devices and Microelectrical-Mechanical
Systems
I. Adesida, T. A. DeTemple, K-C. Hsieh, B. C. Wheeler,
University of Illinois, Critical Research Initiative Program
Applications for microelectrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) which are
being developed include low-cost microoptical mechanical switches for
telecommunications, mechanical devices for microsurgery, and masks for
biological molecule deposition. This project is aimed at high-force
and displacement devices, as well as using dissimilar materials and
creating 3-D utility from planar elements. One approach is to combine
wafer-scale and laser-material processing to join elements which
cannot be fabricated in the same process as silicon. Research in
silicon and laser-material processing is currently being developed to
solve the fundamental issues of MEMS.
A Database System for Neuronal Pattern Analysis
B. C. Wheeler, B. Mihalas; M. Gabriel,* W. T. Greenough, J. Malpeli
(Psychology); M. Nelson, A. Feng, R. Gillette (Physiology &
Biophys.)
National Science Foundation, BIR-95-04842
Neuronal pattern analysis documents the dynamic brain processes of
sensation, perception, learning, and cognition by recording the
electrical activity of brain neurons. Recent advances in multiarray
recording have greatly expanded the rate at which these data can be
obtained, making possible the study of dynamic intercorrelations in
neuronal networks. Computational modeling has fostered major
increments in data-processing requirements, which call for parallel
development of adequate database systems for organization, rapid
access, and sharing of these data. This work establishes a database
system for time series neurophysiological data recorded by the
Neuronal Pattern Analysis Group at the Beckman Institute, carried out
with collaboration from the National Center for Supercomputing
Applications.
Optimizing Data-processing Systems for Grain Evaluation
B. C. Wheeler*
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Regional Research Center
Neural net and other pattern recognition techniques are to be used to
analyze Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopic (FTIR-
PAS) data from samples of corn in order to automate the detection of
contaminated corn.
Physical Exercise, Mental Activity, and Brain Plasticity
B. C. Wheeler,* W. T. Greenough* (Psychology)
National Institutes of Health, PHS 2R01 AG10154-07
We propose to use morphological and morphometric,
electrophysiological, immunocytochemical, and behavioral methods in
mature adult and aging cerebellar cortex to determine which synapse
and neuron types in cerebellar cortex exhibit plasticity in response
to learning and to physical exercise; which nonneuronal elements
exhibit plasticity; the molecular mechanisms underlying this
plasticity; and functional correlates.
Precise Control of Neuronal Growth--An Enabling Technology for Neural
Prosthetics
B. C. Wheeler*
University of Illinois; Mary Jane Neer Research Fund
The goal of the proposed work is to create the knowledge needed to
design neurotrophic surfaces for application to neural prostheses. We
have developed a technology which permits "microstamping" of
any protein onto a glassy substrate in patterns with resolution of few
micrometers. The specific aims of the proposal are to optimize this
technology and to extend it to multiple proteins on the same
substrate, to separately control not only neuronal attachment, but
also axonal vs. dendritic growth, and to begin to control attachment
and growth of glia in culture.
Second-Generation IMPACT Predication Technology
W.-M. Hwu,* D. August, D. Connors, J. Braun
Intel Corp.
The first-generation IMPACT predication technology has made a strong
contribution in the area of branch handling and predication-based code
scheduling. The second-generation IMPACT predication technology is
designed to allow much more aggressive exploitation of instruction-
level parallelism within the predicated compilation framework. The
compiler techniques being developed in this project include accurate
global flow analysis of predicated code, partial reverse if-
conversion, advanced predication-based code optimizations, fully
resolved predicates, and advanced predication-based dependence height
reduction. The architecture techniques being developed include
predication-based branch prediction and new predication manipulation
instructions.
Speculative and Predicated Execution Support for Instruction-Level
Parallel Processing
W.-M. Hwu,* D. August, R. Hank, J. Gyllenhaal
National Science Foundation, MIP-9308013
The objective is to provide architecture expertise and compiler
prototypes required for the microprocessor industry to understand the
cost and effectiveness of each level of hardware support. First, the
design complexity of architecture support, including silent
instructions, sentinel hardware, conditional move instructions,
conditional store instructions, and conditional execution of all
instructions, is studied. Second, compiler software is developed: if-
conversion, reverse if-conversion, optimizers, and schedulers that
become increasingly aggressive as the level of architecture support
increases. Third, an integrated approach is defined to coordinate
speculative execution and predicated execution to best improve program
execution performance.
Stability of Profile-based Optimizations for ILP Processors
W.-M. Hwu,* B. Deitrich, D. August, B.-C. Cheng
Intel Corp.
Compilers for instruction-level parallel (ILP) processors often use
profile information to make critical optimization decisions. As new
techniques to support fast profiling continue to emerge, profile-based
optimizations will soon become commercially feasible. However, open
questions remain regarding the stability of profile-based
optimizations in the presence of conflicting execution profile due to
different input sets. This project deals with static program analysis
and code transformation techniques re-quired to minimize the potential
performance variation when using profile information in advanced
compiler transformations.
Intelligent Run-Time Cache Hierarchy Management
W.-M. Hwu,* T. Johnson
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Improvements in memory speeds have not kept pace with increasing
processor clock frequency and improved exploitation of instruction-
level parallelism. Consequently, the gap between processor and memory
speeds is expected to grow, increasing the number of execution cycles
spent waiting for memory accesses to complete. One solution to this
growing problem is to reduce the number of cache misses by increasing
the effectiveness of the cache hierarchy. The objective of this
project is to develop techniques for dynamic analysis of program data
access behavior, which is then used to guide proactively the placement
of data within the cache hierarchy in a location-sensitive manner.
The IMPACT/X86 Compilation Technology
W.-M. Hwu,* D. Gallagher, D. Lavery, M. Merten,
Advanced Micro Devices
The objective of this project is to develop advanced code
parallelization and optimization techniques to take advantage of the
wide issue capabilities of the coming generations of X86 processors.
Techniques investigated include profile-driven optimizations, height
reduction, region compilation, code scheduling for reduction in
register pressure, and register allocation. The project deals with
real system performance and industry standard benchmark programs such
as SPEC. Techniques must deal with real-world constraints imposed by
the X86 architecture.
Illinois Computing Laboratory for Aerospace Systems and Software
(ICLASS)
R. K. Iyer,* J. W. S. Liu,* R. H. Campbell, A. A. Chien,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG 1-613
The Illinois Computing Laboratory for Aerospace Systems and Software
(ICLASS) is a NASA center for excellence in aerospace computing. Its
research focus is in the areas of parallel architectures and
algorithms, reliable and fault-tolerant computing, real-time and
secure systems, and information systems technology. Problems being
addressed include system-level functional test generation, design of
heuristics for nonlinear global optimization, advanced compilation
technology for high-performance, reliable streams in ad hoc networks,
design and validation of dependable systems, very low-cost fault
tolerance for heterogeneous networked computing, analysis of
distributed discrete-event simulation algorithms, open and composable
real-time systems, an agent-based architecture for supporting
application aware security, system service platform for distributed
multimedia applications, multimedia analysis and retrieval system,
three-dimensional vision, predictable communication, and performance
analysis and parallel I/O.
Networks and Validation
R. K. Iyer,* L. Chen, Z. Kalbarczyk, D. Stott
Tandem Computers, Inc.
This project focuses on the design and validation of reliable cluster
computing systems. The issues addressed include the reliability of
switching technologies, the design and implementation of MPI-based
protocols to provide adaptive levels of fault tolerance, the extension
of MPI to include fault tolerance, and the validation of cluster
computing systems. The design topics will address methods for ensuring
predictable dependability and responsiveness in network environments.
A primary focus will be to develop efficient techniques for providing
early error detection and rapid recovery. Validation topics include
validation of complex, high-performance, networked configurations.
Validation will be from fault tolerance, robustness, and performance
perspectives.
A Design Framework for Dependable, High-Performance Computing Systems
R. K. Iyer,* M.-C. Hsuen, Y.-M. Chang, Y. Huang,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DABT63-94-C-0045
There is a need for a high level of dependability in computer systems
such as aircraft and aerospace systems, medical and automotive
equipment, and high-speed network switching devices. This research
will develop an integrated design framework in which developers of
these systems can eliminate dependability risks early in the design
process. Using relatively simple descriptions of the system's
behavior, designers can test for dependability in a hierarchical
manner, from the chip level to the system level, long before the
system is built. This approach helps ensure the dependability of
critical systems while reducing the time, effort, and cost of
developing them. This is a joint project with Stanford University.
Research Equipment for High-Speed Computing and Network Initiative
R. K. Iyer,* B. Hajek,* W. K. Jenkins,* F. N. Najm,*
National Science Foundation/Academic Research Infrastructure Program
This project is to develop a reliable, high-performance computing and
network infrastructure that will allow researchers at the Coordinated
Science Laboratory to explore next-generation, ultrahigh-bandwidth
networks (wireless and cabled, including the NSF vBNS National
Backbone) with respect to speed in excess of 1.3 Gbps, configuration
topologies, and scalability; to explore reliable network computing
design alternatives; and to develop electronic design algorithms and
methodologies heretofore not possible or practical with lower
bandwidth and slower computing systems.
Design of Reliable VLSI Architectures
J. H. Patel,* L. Rudnick, S. Venkataraman, J. Chandy,
Semiconductor Research Corp.
The objective of this research is to develop tools and methodologies
for design of VLSI systems for testability, reliability, and
manufacturability. The complexity of VLSI systems has increased the
need for the development of chip design methodologies that emphasize
easily provable and manufacturable functionality, performance, and
reliability. This program addresses a wide range of design issues,
each dealing with various aspects of reliable VLSI design, including
research in fault simulation, test generation, design and synthesis
for testability, and fault diagnosis.
Illinois Genetic Framework for Testing and Diagnosis
J. H. Patel,* L. Rudnick, G. Saund, J. Newquist, J.-K. Zhao, P. Bolte
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DABT63-95-C-0069
The objective of this work is to develop an automatic test generation
and diagnosis system for the large chips envisioned by the high-
performance computing (HPC) and communications industry. Testing is a
major roadblock in the design and manufacture of large complex chips,
and the problem of testing is getting more difficult with the
increasing size and complexity of chips. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have
been demonstrated to provide an effective framework for test
generation. Our goal is to extend this GA framework to allow for the
complex circuitry envisioned in the next generation of HPC systems.
Algorithm Development in Support of Computer-based
Performance/Dependability Evaluation
W. H. Sanders,* D. Deavours, D. Obal
Motorola Satellite Communications
The objective of this work is to extend existing and develop new
performance and dependability evaluation algorithms, including new
methods to speed up simulation, reduce the rate of state-space growth
in analytical state-based methods, and extend the domain of models for
which analytical methods may be applied. Existing methods are unable
to solve for combined performance/dependability (performability)
measures, needed in complex, degradable, satellite networks. The
impact of this work will be shown through prototype implementations in
UltraSAN, a stochastic activity network-based software package for
performance/dependability evaluation.
QBRC--Quality-based Reliable Computing
W. H. Sanders,* D. Deavours, J. M. Doyle, G. P. Kavanaugh, D. Obal, J.
Sowder, A. Stillman, A. Williamson
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DABT63-96-C-0069
The goal of this work, conducted jointly with Purdue University and
the U.S. Navy, is to develop new approaches to dependability design
and analysis that are failure-, application-, and system-
comprehensive. The work at the University of Illinois will focus on
assessment techniques, developing an application-independent model
specification language and techniques to solve the specified models.
Together with the work at Purdue and the navy, this work will provide
tools for analysis that guarantee rapid real-time recovery, consider
the highly networked nature of current military C2 computing
environments, and provide for the impact of degraded services on
command decisions.
Improved Techniques for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation
W. H. Sanders,* D. Deavours
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ICLASS
The goal of this research is to address important problems in computer
system modeling with the purpose of providing practical algorithms for
the analytical/numerical solution of systems represented in high-level
formations, such as stochastic activity networks. In particular, we
are investigating methods to reduce the memory necessary to solve
numerically systems represented in high-level formalisms while still
obtaining solutions in a reasonable amount of time. Solutions to these
problems are necessary to make practical the evaluation of complex
space and aerospace systems.
A Quality-of-Service Approach to Survivability
W. H. Sanders,* M. Cukier, D. Deavours, H. Duggal, D. Henke, A.
Ibrahim, J. Pistole
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Subcontracted from GTE
Internetworking
Current large distributed applications cannot specify the
dependability they require from remote objects and subsystems and
cannot adapt to changes in resource availability. The objective of
this project is to make dramatic improvements in the specification of
dependability requirements in the prediction of dependability under
varying conditions, and in the adaptability of the applications and
resource management strategies by providing infrastructure mechanisms
to support dynamic behavior. The goal is to specify an application's
availability requirements through defining a set of acceptable
operating regions and adapting when we predict that various thresholds
of predicted dependability will not be met.
Survivability of Large-Scale Information Systems
W. H. Sanders,* M. Cukier, J. Ren, C. Sabnis
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, subcontracted from GTE
Internetworking
This work provides a methodology for specifying the survivability that
an application desires, in terms of the quality of service delivered
to it, and mechanisms and policies that can be used to achieve the
desired survivability, in terms of the specified measures. Choices of
policies and mechanisms are not easy, and it is not usually obvious
how a change in resources will translate to a change in survivability.
We provide a method to specify the desired survivability and a
specification of what information must be collected to make adaptation
decisions and implement several mechanisms that can aid in building a
survivable system.
Adaptive Resource Management in Mobile Computing Environments
B. Vaduvur,* S. Ha, K. Lee, S. Lu, J. Mysore
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F30602-96-1-0319
The objective of this research is to develop an integrated services
network architecture across hybrid ad hoc packet cellular and wireline
networks. We propose a new type of quality of service called adaptive
service, which addresses the unique requirements of a mobile computing
environment, while also being compatible with traditional integrated
services in wireline networks. This research develops the network
architecture and resource management algorithms required for providing
adaptive service in hybrid mobile computing environments.
PRAYER -- A Platform for Adaptive Computing and Seamless Mobility over
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
B. Vaduvur,* D. Dwyer, V. Gupta
Texas Instruments, Inc.; Equinox Solutions; University of Illinois
The objective of this research is to develop a distributed computing
platform across hybrid wireline/wireless networks to support seamless
user mobility across different networks. As a result of mobility
between different networks with vastly different resources, the
applications need to adapt gracefully to dynamic changes in perceived
network quality of service. We are building the PRAYER distributed
system, which features systems support for both seamless mobility and
adaptive computing.
Design of a Supervector Coprocessor for Large-Scale Digital Signal
Processing
B. W. Wah,* C. W. Li, P. H. Chang
Rockwell International
We utilize emerging VLSI technologies that allow tens to hundreds of
vector pipelines to be implemented in one chip. Instead of competing
for precious area in the same chip as regular instruction-set
architectures, we design and evaluate a supervector processor in a
separate chip. This is feasible as vector instructions, once
initiated, can continue to execute until completion without close
supervision by the instruction-set architecture. This architecture is
particularly suitable for computation-intensive loop-based
applications in digital signal processing. We are studying three
interrelated issues: (1) architecture of coprocessor,
(2) software for exploiting parallelism, and (3) system
simulation and implementation. Our design will allow computation-
intensive loops to be executed at a rate far exceeding that provided
by current coprocessors.
Nonlinear Global Optimization
B. W. Wah,* Y. Shang, T. Wang, Z. Wu, W. L. Qian
National Science Foundation, MIP 96-32316
In this project, we develop a method called NOVEL (Nonlinear
Optimization Via External Lead) for solving continuous and discrete
global optimization problems. These problems are characterized by a
nonlinear objective function, with or without a collection of
nonlinear constraints. Such problems exist in many engineering
applications that include operations research, signal processing, and
function optimization. NOVEL addresses the balance between global
search and local search, using a trace to aid in identifying promising
regions before committing to local searches. We are applying NOVEL to
find significantly better solutions than existing ones in filter-bank
design, neural network learning, and constraint-satisfaction problems
in operations research and combinatorial optimization.
Resource Scheduling and Digital Signal Processing in Local Area and
Mobile Networks
B. W. Wah,* J. Monks, X. Su
National Science Foundation, MIP-96-32316
In this project, we study issues related to the efficient operation
and resource scheduling of local area and mobile networks. We study
four related issues in resource scheduling: (1) efficient contention
of shared network channels using a window-based multiaccess protocol,
(2) intelligent filtering of statistical status information to
aid in resource scheduling and network monitoring, (3) efficient
placement and migration of data and information to reduce network
traffic, and (4) design of filter banks and digital signal processors
for computer network-based real-time multimedia applications. We are
developing a prototype system to integrate solutions developed for
each of these issues.
Basic Evaluation and Design Techniques for High-Speed Communication
Networks
B. Hajek,* M. Alanyali, J. Giles, L. He, K. Mitzel,
National Science Foundation, NCR 93-14253
Performance evaluation and design for communication networks of the
future is conducted. Emphasis is placed on large, high-speed networks.
Both optical and electronic networks are considered. Topics include
(1) spectral response of queues and diffusion approximation, (2)
continuous traffic in packet switches, (3) multirate circuit switches,
(4) optical interconnection, and (5) dynamic load balancing. Analysis
consists of a mixture of exact probabilistic and combinatorial methods
and simulation. Design is motivated by modeling and analysis and aided
by optimization tools of both combinatorial and nonlinear iterative
types.
Wireless Distributed Multimedia Communication Networks
B. Hajek,* U. Madhow,* D. V. Sarwate,* H. Chaskar,
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-95-1-0246
The goal of this research is to investigate basic issues involved in
providing multimedia communications over a heterogeneous network of
both wireless and wireline links. Topics under investigation include
wireless multimedia networks, routing and congestion control, adaptive
coded modulation for spread-spectrum communication systems, and the
interface of wireless networks to high-speed wide-area wireline
networks.
Acquisition and Demodulation for Wireless Communications
D. L. Jones,* U. Madhow,* D. V. Sarwate,* B. Nollett,
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
This research project seeks to develop robust but near-optimal methods
for timing acquisition and demodulation for wireless environments.
Multiuser and single-user settings and narrowband and wideband
interference are considered in the design and performance evaluation
of different receiver structures.
Key Problems in Wireless Communications
U. Madhow,* D. Warrier
National Science Foundation CAREER Award, NCR 96-24008
This project is an exploration of fundamental problems arising from
wireless applications, including topics ranging from transceiver
design for multiuser communications to design principles for
heterogeneous networks with both wireless and wireline links.
Adaptive Interference Suppression for the Demodulation of Direct-
Sequence CDMA Signals
U. Madhow,* L. Galup, L. J. Zhu
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-95-1-0647
Adaptive interference suppression methods for the demodulation of
direct-sequence CDMA signals will be investigated with a view to
determining their practical significance for future system designs.
Low-complexity methods of exploiting spatial diversity in addition to
the inherent time-diversity of direct-sequence CDMA signals will be
developed. The complexity-performance tradeoffs for adaptive receivers
will be investigated. Analysis and simulations for a typical wireless
environment with fading, multipath, and shadowing will be used to
decide whether the potential gains in capacity and performance
promised by adaptive methods can be truly realized in practice.
Interference Suppression for CDMA Systems
U. Madhow,* E. Visotsky
Motorola University Partnerships in Research Program
This project is an invention and performance evaluation of
interference suppression algorithms for enhancing the performance of
CDMA systems conforming to the basic IS-95 format, as well as
obtaining low-complexity adaptive interference suppression schemes
that form the basis for the design of future CDMA systems with higher
capacity.
Channel Codes for Digital Communications and Storage Systems
A. Vardy,* D. Agrawal, A. Trachtenberg, R. Kötter
National Science Foundation, NCR 94-09688
Our objective is to investigate block and lattice charged codes with a
new approach and to exploit the advantages of this approach to provide
bounds on decoding complexity and to develop efficient maximum-
likelihood decoders. The precise trade-off between complexity and
performance is studied. We also investigate modulation codes for
input-constrained channels. Viewing block codes as dynamical systems
makes it natural to consider applying results from algebraic coding
theory for the design of modulation encoders. Ways of integrating a
prescribed error-correction capability within such encoders are also
studied.
Data Transmission Techniques -- Trellis-Decoding and Beyond
A. Vardy,* D. Agrawal, A. Trachtenberg
We will investigate creative new techniques for reliable transmission
of digital information. The main objectives are to achieve a deep
theoretical understanding of the underlying problems and to develop
practical coding schemes that can be implemented in real applications.
Intersymbol interference channels are emphasized, as are the digital
speech and image transmission channels characterized by unequal input
probabilities and subjective distortion criteria. Our research
comprises two major activities: to extend prior work in trellis
structure and trellis decoding of block and lattice error-correcting
codes and to develop novel data transmission techniques particularly
suited to specific channels of practical importance and extending
beyond the classical error-control approach.
Channel Coding Techniques for Low-Complexity Source Coding
Applications
A. Vardy,* D. Agrawal, A. Trachtenberg
National Science Foundation, NCR 94-15860
This project investigates channel coding techniques for source coding
applications with an emphasis on image, video, and speech coding
applications. The main objectives are a theoretical understanding of
combined source-channel codes and development of practical algorithms
for such applications as low-bandwidth video compression and low-delay
speech coding. Specifically, very narrow bandwidth transmission
channels require efficient coding schemes to protect the transmitted
source information from channel error corruption. The project also
explores low-complexity techniques needed for low-delay real-time
implementations.
Construction and Decoding of Euclidean-Space Codes
A. Vardy,* D. Agrawal, A. Trachtenberg, R. Kötter
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Long codes and high-dimensional constellations are necessary to
achieve high coding gains over the uncoded quadrature amplitude
modulation signaling. Currently, the complexity of decoding high-
dimensional constellations is well beyond the reach of today's
technology. In this research, we are developing new techniques for
efficient bounded-distance decoding of high-dimensional signal
constellations. We anticipate that these techniques will make coding
with such constellations not only feasible in principle but
practically implementable with high-speed, low-power hardware, which
in turn will make it possible to achieve very high effective coding
gains on band-limited Gaussian channels, at an affordable complexity.
Transmission, Networks, and Storage Matched to the Physical Layer
R. Blahut,* A. Vardy*
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-I-0129
This research addresses the development of single-user and multiuser
communication techniques that lie at the intersection of communication
theory, information theory, and error control codes and studies the
effects of amplitude constraints on the capacity of and signaling for
practical channels. The second activity investigates the practical use
of error-control encoding/decoding schemes matched to certain
transmission and storage channels. The third area investigates source
coding for packet networks and narrowband channels. We examine the
effects of channel errors from theoretical and algorithmic
perspectives in order to develop effective data compression and coding
techniques for such applications as speech and video in power-
constrained environments.
Synthesis of Practically Implementable Robust Controllers
B. Bamieh,* B. Shu
National Science Foundation, ECS 93-09123
This project is centered around the idea of incorporating general
implementation constraints and requirements in the theory of robust
controller design. One aspect is the design of sampled-data
controllers with continuous-time performance objectives (hybrid
systems), specifically, the design and analysis of single- and
multirate control systems in the l1 and H norms. Among the issues
considered are design algorithms and nonconservative conditions for
robustness in time-invariant, time-varying, and/or nonlinear unmodeled
dynamics. The second aspect is to develop systematic and computable
methods for the design of low-order controllers, through various types
of model reduction in conjunction with robust stability and closed-
loop performance analysis.
Optimal and Robust Control Theory and Applications
B. Bamieh,* J. Sreedhar, S. Landry
National Science Foundation, ECS-96-24152
This project deals with mixed continuous/discrete-time systems and
systems with switching nonlinearities systems. We concentrate on
developing a framework in which intersample behavior as well as
quantization and round off error effects can be analyzed, and when
possible, controllers designed. We are also investigating model
reduction and identification of linear parameter varying (LPV)
systems. This identification scheme alleviates the need to perform
many identification experiments for processes whose dynamics may
change with set-point changes.
The Theory of Dynamic Games and Robust Controller Designs
T. Basar*
National Science Foundation, ECS 92-20632
This is a UIUC-INRIA (France) collaborative research project dealing
with fundamental issues in dynamic game theory, with applications in
robust control of nonlinear systems and control of communication
networks.
Optimization-based Robust Identification and Control of Uncertain
Dynamical Systems
T. Basar,* G. Arslan, C. Tang
U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-97ER13939
This program involves fundamental research on optimization-based
robust identification and control of uncertain dynamical systems. The
class of systems considered includes large-scale, stochastic,
nonlinear, hybrid, and distributed parameter systems, all subject to
different types of static as well as dynamic uncertainties. The
optimality criteria adopted include minimax, risk-sensitive, and
receding horizon formulations. The main theme is optimality-based
identification, control, and model simplification under severe
internal and external uncertainties. Research involves not
independent, but a combined design of observer/filter and control
architectures supported by optimization-based model-reduction,
decomposition, and aggregation techniques.
Transportable Agents for Reconfigurable Wireless Networks
T. Basar,* P. R. Kumar,* P. Gupta, O. C. Imer
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DC 5-36128
The goal of this project is to develop technologies that will maximize
the usability of complex, global communications networks, especially
wireless networks. The key technologies include: (1) transportable-
agent systems, (2) dynamic stochastic control for agent planning
and network management, and (3) adaptive wireless-network
configuration and routing. Special attention will be paid to the last
two topics.
Intelligent Control of Dynamic Systems
T. Basar,* P. R. Kumar,* W. R. Perkins,* S. Meyn,*
National Science Foundation, ECS 92-16487
This project seeks a new approach to designing complex systems in
which advanced techniques are integrated to produce
"intelligent" systems of superior performance in the
presence of large uncertainties and stringent specifications. The goal
is to translate high-level commands or specifications automatically
into lower level actions on the environment or plant, while fully
utilizing any prior information as well as information contained in
the real-time environmental responses. Multilayer decision models for
control of subsystems with conflicting objectives, decentralized
control, and robust and adaptive control approaches will be developed.
Model Building, Control, and Optimization of Large-Scale Systems
T. Basar,* I. E. Tezcan, C. Tang, M.-Q. Xiao, G. Arslan
U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-94-ER-13939
This project involves fundamental research on the modeling, control,
and optimization of large-scale systems. It encompasses both linear
and nonlinear models, deterministic and stochastic systems with
external and internal uncertainty, systems with weak spatial and weak
or strong informational links, and dynamic decision models with
multiple criteria. The overall goal is the development of new and
effective methodologies for robust control, stabilization and
optimization of large-scale systems in the presence of static as well
as dynamic uncertainty, and the analysis of such systems using
concepts of multimodeling, decomposition, and aggregation.
Adaptive Intelligent Scheduling of ATM Networks
T. Basar,* R. Srikant,* S. Compans
U.S. Air Force, AF SSC SC 1201-UI
Flow controllers are essential components of high-speed (and, in
particular, ATM) networks, designed to guarantee high quality of
services on the one hand and to allow for efficient use of the network
on the other. Such a controller is required to have the capability
that, when other sources transmit, its own transmission rate is
dynamically and adaptively adjusted so as to avoid congestion in the
network, as congestion might result in low throughputs, high delays,
and high rate of losses of packets. When the interfering traffic from
other sources is relatively low, then the controller is expected to
allow a high rate of transmission of information so as to make the
best use of the bandwidth available. The project is devoted to
developing such controllers and analyzing their performance
analytically and through simulations.
Issues in Robust Controller Design and the Theory of Dynamic Games
T. Basar,* M.-Q. Xiao, V. Hsu, R. Maheswaran, S. Compans
National Science Foundation, ECS 93-12807
This project is aimed at developing a comprehensive time-domain-based
theory for the analysis and synthesis of performance-robust minimax
controllers and identifiers for nonlinear systems subject to
deterministic and/or partially stochastic disturbances. The general
approach adopted is that of dynamic or differential game theory, and
in this regard part of the current research is devoted to obtaining
fundamental results on zero-sum and nonzero-sum differential games.
Part of the research activity is also devoted to exploration of the
relationship with stochastic control problems with exponentiated cost,
again from a performance-robustness point of view.
Semiconductor Manufacturing Plants--Design of Efficient Operating
Policies and Performance Analysis
P. R. Kumar*
National Science Foundation, ECS 94-03571
This research addresses the problem of designing efficient scheduling
policies to reduce the mean and variance of cycle-time. Comprehensive
comparative testing of policies on realistic fabrication models is
planned. We also address the problem of performance evaluation of
queueing networks, which arise not only in semiconductor manufacturing
systems, but also in communication networks and computer systems.
Questions of the following type are addressed: Given a system
description, in terms of the number of servers, their up and down time
statistics, the description of the various flows, and parameters such
as throughput rates, routes, and processing times at each server, how
does one predict the performance of the system?
Stochastic Analysis and Control of Manufacturing Systems
P. R. Kumar*
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-95-1-0090
The goal of this project is to develop an applicable theory for
analysis and control of manufacturing systems. Manufacturing systems
are composed of a complex interaction of machines and parts. The
systems are typically large scale and subject to disruptions such as
machine failures. The goal is to control or schedule these systems
efficiently to achieve optimal performance in terms of mean
manufacturing lead time, variance, ability to meet due dates, cost of
work in process, and shortfall costs. The issues are: How does a
specific scheduling policy perform? and How does one synthesize good
scheduling policies?
Analysis of Wafer Fab Operations
P. R. Kumar*
Semiconductor Research Corp.
Wafer fab operations are complex for a variety of reasons: the
reentrant nature of process flows, alternation between batch and
single-wafer processing, set-up times incurred in species or lot type
changes, presence of hot lots, equipment down times, time-varying
yield, nonstationary behavior during ramp-up, demand uncertainties,
capacity phase-in, etc. We will study descriptive issues concerning
performance evaluation of fabs and methodologies for cycle-time
prediction as well as the impact of process times variability, release
policies, priority policies, hot lots, equipment failures, and product
mix. Planning issues concerning yield learning, equipment utilization
over time, effects of adding equipment over time, ramp-up, and
nonstationary behavior will be examined together with industry
participation.
Wafer Fab Operations--Modeling, Analysis, and Design
P. R. Kumar*
National Science Foundation, ECS-97-12923
Operational modeling of semiconductor factories is motivated by three
major trends. First, there is concern about how to maintain the
historical trend of exponentially decreasing cost per function.
Second, capital costs are increasing exponentially. Third, competition
from international sources is increasingly fierce in many segments of
the industry. Together, these factors dictate that all fab operations
be optimized for productivity, cost, and returns to the extent
possible and make it imperative to examine future fab designs with a
view to reducing capital outlays.
New Methods for Performance Evaluation of Broadband Networks and
Multihop Radio Networks
P. R. Kumar,* S. P. Meyn
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
This research is concerned with the development of new methods for
performance evaluation of broadband networks and multihop radio
networks. The key performance issues are the study of delay and
throughput. The new methodology is based on linear programming and
optimization theory. Also studied is the design of wireless networks
in volatile environments.
Systems Design and Analysis--Stability, Performance, and Robustness
S. P. Meyn,* D. Down
National Science Foundation; ECS 94-03742
In this project we consider scheduling policies for large
manufacturing systems and the dynamics of these systems under the
influence of random breakdowns, fluctuations in demand and yield, and
changes in operating conditions.
Adaptive Control of Time-varying Systems
S. P. Meyn,* L. Brown, R. Ravikanth
University of Illinois
We consider generalizations of the least squares algorithm for
identifying time-varying systems and the performance of adaptive
control schemes based upon these estimation algorithms. These
controllers are currently being implemented on an arc welder at the
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory.
Estimation and Stochastic Modeling in Geophysics
Y. Bresler*
Schlumberger-Doll Research
The goal of this research is to develop models, estimation techniques,
and computational algorithms for inverse problems arising in
geophysics, and in particular in reservoir characterization. Although
large volumes of data may be available in these problems, they do not
sufficiently determine the underground structure under study. We are
studying the use of stochastic models and nonlinear constraints to
decrease this uncertainty.
Statistical Techniques in Inverse Problems
Y. Bresler,* G. Harikumar, I. B. Kerfoot
National Science Foundation, MIP 91-57377 PYI
Our goal is to develop optimal techniques and efficient algorithms in
three areas of imaging: (1) image reconstruction from partial
information, (2) acquisition of time-varying images, (3) visualization
of vector fields. We are studying nonlinear techniques for tomographic
with limited angle data, blind image restoration, and for other ill-
posed inverse problems. We are also developing a systematic theory for
designing minimum rate sampling patterns. We are developing algorithms
for segmentation and maximally informative display of vector-valued
images, such as are acquired in multispectral or multimodality remote
sensing and diagnostic imaging. This research has applications in
biomedical imaging; video; remote sensing and surveillance; and
geophysics.
Image Formation from Sparse Data, with Applications
Y. Bresler,* D. C. Munson, Jr.,* P. Feng, J. A. Lee, S. Xiao
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
This project is a fundamental study of imaging from sparse Fourier
data, with an emphasis on 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In SAR,
as in most other important computed imaging applications, it is often
impossible or prohibitively expensive to collect dense data sets that
completely define the image. Our goal is to explore the use of various
frequency and spatial domain constraints to obtain a unique and stable
solution from sparse data sets. Specifically, our objectives are to
characterize the fundamental limitations of various acquisition and
constraint combinations and to develop efficient algorithms for image
acquisition and formation in these circumstances. The methods will be
validated for the 3-D SAR scenario.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
T. S. Huang,* L. Chen, V. Pavlovic, N. Jojic, S. Chu,
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAL01-96-Z-0003; National Science
Foundation, JRI-9634618; Yamaha Motor Corp.
We use the term HCI in a very broad sense to include communication
between person and computer as well as communication between persons
via computer. An example of the former is a person using a
workstation, an example of the latter is tele-collaboration. We are
investigating a variety of issues related to the use of computer
vision in HCI. These include: facial feature extraction and tracking,
determining 3-D head pose, facial movement modeling, analysis, and
synthesis, hand gesture recognition, human body motion analysis, and
person identification.
Multimedia Databases
T. S. Huang,* S. Mehrotra,* K. Ramchandran,* Y. Rui,
NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Library Initiative Program under Cooperative
Agreement 94-11318; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N6601-
95-C8511
We are studying a number of challenging issues in image/video data
indexing and retrieval. Of particular interest are similarity-based
retrieval where similarity measures are based on image content such as
color, texture, shape, and layout; mapping of high-level concepts to
low-level image features; and how to deal with data and query
uncertainties.
Image/Video Compression and Representation
T. S. Huang,* K. Ramchandran,* M. Gharavi-Alkhansari, H. Tao, A.
Colmenarez, R. Lopez, S. Servetto
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129; Army Research
Laboratory Coop. Agreement DAAL01-96-2-0003
Our goal is to investigate image/video representation and compression
schemes that are suitable for data storage, retrieval, and display.
Performance criteria will be based not only on compression factors,
but also on scalability, interoperability, and ease of manipulation
with compressed data. Under study are fractal coding,
wavelet/morphological coding, and 3-D model-based methods.
Digital Filters with Adaptive Fault Tolerance
W. K. Jenkins,* J. Jiang, C. Schmitz
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-I-0129
This project investigates how the learning process in adaptive digital
filters is disturbed by hardware failures and how to design filters
and adaptive algorithms that can continue operating in the presence of
such failures. Adaptive systems are capable of adjusting parameters to
reduce a specified error criterion. It has been shown that whenever a
hardware failure occurs that increases the error, the system will
attempt to compensate for this failure by further self-adjustment.
Recently this research has concentrated on compensating broader
classes of hardware errors and on applying adaptive fault tolerance to
adaptive filters of the infinite impulse response class.
Computationally Efficient Algorithms for Adaptive Quadratic Volterra
Filters
W. K. Jenkins,* C. W. Therrien, X. Li
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
The structure of the input autocorrelation matrix in Volterra second-
order adaptive filters for general colored Gaussian input processes
has been analyzed to determine how to best formulate a computationally
efficient, fast adaptive algorithm. It was shown that when the input
signal samples are ordered properly within the input data vector, the
autocorrelation matrix of quadratic filter inherits a block diagonal
structure, with some of the subblocks also having diagonal structure.
Some new results in developing and evaluating computationally
efficient quasi-Newton adaptive algorithms have been obtained that
take advantage of the sparsity and unique structure of the correlation
matrix that results from this formulation.
VLSI Adaptive Equalizers for Equalizing Magnetic Recording Channels
W. K. Jenkins,* I. Li
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-I-0129
This project is investigating the design of an adaptive equalizer-on-
a-chip for the equalization of magnetic recording channels. A design
based on combining a residue number system architecture with a block
LMS adaptive algorithm is being evaluated for its potential to a
design that achieves sufficiently high operating speeds for magnetic
disk applications, while having simple enough circuit requirements to
be fabricated as a monolithic VLSI component. Special attention is
being devoted to the management of short word length finite precision
arithmetic and its effect on the learning characteristic of the
equalizer. This project involves both VLSI design and fabrication.
Channel Equalization with Adaptive Filtering and the Preconditioned
Conjugate Gradient Algorithm
W. K. Jenkins,* R. A. Soni
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
Communication system performance is often degraded by imperfections of
the channel. When additive noise and nonideal channel characteristics
are unknown prior to transmission, adaptive equalizers are used to
compensate for these imperfections and improve overall performance.
For highly correlated received sequences, the convergence rate of the
equalizer is a strongly limiting factor. This project aims to develop
novel schemes employing preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG)
optimization for channel equalization. Results have been obtained to
illustrate that, compared to an LMS equalizer, the PCG equalizer
provides significantly improved performance for algorithms which
minimize the mean squared error and constant modulus error criteria.
Adaptive and Optimal Time-Frequency Methods for Nonstationary Signals
D. L. Jones,* M. L. Kramer, B. Krongold, A. Rao, L. Qian
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-95-1-0674
New adaptive and statistically optimal time-frequency analysis methods
are being developed for improved processing of nonstationary signals.
The class of problems for which time-frequency-based detection is
being characterized and optimal kernels for detection are being
derived. New adaptive time-frequency representations for high-
resolution visual characterization of signals are also under
development. These methods are being applied to problems in condition
assessment for machinery monitoring and fault detection, mine
classification, and transient detection and analysis.
Energy Partitioning Using Overdetermined Basis Decompositions
D. L. Jones,* B. Krongold
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-95-1-0907
This research project is developing signal processing methods based on
overdetermined basis decompositions for estimating the relative
energies of individual components of complex signals and for component
separation and recovery. Such an approach can decompose a signal with
multiple overlapped, nonorthogonal components onto different basis
elements, thereby separating them in situations in which standard
filtering approaches or orthogonal basis decompositions cannot.
Research in this area is still in its infancy, and we propose to
further develop the theory behind these methods and to apply them to
the problem of energy partitioning and other promising navy
applications.
Radar Imaging of Runways during Aircraft Landing
D. C. Munson, Jr.,* J. A. Lee
Rockwell International
We are investigating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as a means of
imaging runways through fog and cloud cover from an approaching
aircraft. Current radars with traditional signal processing are
incapable of providing the resolution required at long ranges, because
of the wide beam widths of the antennas employed. Our approach uses
the changes in angular aspect of points in the airport scene, provided
by the motion of the aircraft, to produce high-resolution imagery from
return signals collected by a conventional radar.
Model-based Tomographic Imaging Methods
Z.-P. Liang,* C. P. Hess
National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121, MIP 94-10463
The mathematical basis of tomographic imaging is conventionally rooted
in the well-established Fourier or radon transform theories, so that
image quality is mainly dependent on how the data space is sampled. In
practice, physical and temporal constraints often prevent a sufficient
coverage of the data space, resulting in various image artifacts, such
as Gibbs ringing, resolution degradation, and various motion effects.
This project is aimed at overcoming these problems by developing new
model-based imaging techniques that can effectively incorporate a
priori information into the imaging process. Application of these
techniques to cardiac imaging and functional brain mapping is also
addressed.
Artificial Neural Networks
Z.-P. Liang,* T. S. Huang,* Y. Zhang, H. Pan
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
The primary goal of this project is to develop new neural network
architectures and learning algorithms useful for multisensory data
fusion, recognition of time-varying patterns, and automatic image
segmentation. To achieve this goal, work is being carried out to
develop a new neuronal model with both regular and modulatory inputs,
a new wavelet-based multichannel network architecture, and a dynamical
system-based learning rule. Practical issues of hybrid processing with
both neural network models and statistical models such as the hidden
Markov model are also being investigated in this project.
Automatic Segmentation of Brain Images
Z.-P. Liang,* J. Ji, Z. Fu
National Science Foundation, BES 94-10463
After two decades of active research, automatic image segmentation
remains one of the most challenging problems in image processing and
computer vision. This project is aimed at developing a prototype
pattern recognition system for automatic segmentation of brain images.
This system contains components for multiscale processing, pattern
generation, and neural network learning. We expect that the
computational principles used in building this system will be useful
for solving other practical pattern recognition problems.
High-Performance Computing for the Electromagnetic Modeling of
Interconnects and Packages
J. E. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Lambrecht
Center for Computational Electromagnetics
The electromagnetic modeling of packages and interconnects plays a
very important role in the design of high-speed digital circuits and
is most efficiently performed by using computer-aided design
algorithms. In the past two decades, researchers in the
electromagnetic and microwave areas have striven to extend the
knowledge of interconnection properties. Presently, algorithms are
available that model complex interconnect structures; however, because
of the extensive computations involved, only portions or subsets of a
whole system are modeled in existing computer-aided design (CAD)
tools. The objective is to assess the computational performance of the
different architectures and the possible implementation of a CAD tool
for interconnects in the supercomputer platform.
Modeling of Interconnections for High-Speed Digital, Microwave, and
Optoelectronics Applications
J. Schutt-Ainé,* K. Coperich, T. Nguyen
National Science Foundation, EEC 95-20964
The electrical performance of high-speed integrated circuit and
digital networks strongly depends on the electromagnetic performance
of interconnects between components of a system. Packaging has become
a critical area in the design of high-speed communications systems and
fast computers. Our purpose is to provide the support technology
necessary for aggressive packaging schemes in the areas of design,
modeling, testing, measurement, and circuit simulation. This will be
achieved by using electromagnetic theory as an analysis tool to yield
a better understanding of interconnect problems. New design ideas will
be studied and evaluated and solutions will be proposed for current
system level integration problems.
Optimum Interconnect Design for High-Speed Digital Applications
J. Schutt-Ainé,* J. Tsai, F. Liu, A. Berger, C. Lestrade
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-90-J-1270
The development of efficient and accurate computer-aided design tools
is essential for the implementation of high-speed digital circuits
used in computer systems and communication networks. With current
trends in which network complexity and signal speed keep increasing,
problems associated with signal integrity such as crosstalk,
distortion losses can compromise the overall electrical performance of
computers and communication systems. Presently, industrial needs for
computer support in network design is increasing rapidly; however,
there is a serious lag in the availability of design and analysis
tools capable of handling the complexity and volume of manufactured
systems.
Modeling and Design of High-Speed Interconnects for Optoelectronics
Applications
J. Schutt-Ainé,* K. Coperich, F. Liu
NSF Center for Compound Semiconductor Microelectronics
The objective is to develop a comprehensive approach to the generation
of design guidelines in high-speed optoelectronics communications
requiring use of optical-electronic interfaces that combines modeling
and simulation tools with experimental information. These interfaces
must handle information at gigabit rates within very small dimensions.
At those signal speeds and dimensions, crosstalks and other noise
phenomena cannot be avoided; therefore, they must be properly managed
and controlled with accurate transmission-line simulation and design
tools. Extensive simulation of signal transmission through these
structures can dramatically reduce cost and turnaround time associated
with the manufacturing process. To maintain signal integrity, issues
pertaining to crosstalk and signal reflections must also be addressed.
Nonlinear Modeling of HBTs
J. Schutt-Ainé,* T. Nguyen
Texas Instruments, Inc.
The purpose of the effort is to derive a nonlinear model for
heterojunction bipolar transistors. This will be done by combining
measurement simulation and modeling tools. Since HBT's are not
conventional devices, it is necessary to derive and implement a SPICE
model which later will be transferred to Libra or any other circuit
simulator. Large-signal characteization primarily consists of load-
pull measurements. Because of the importance of large-signal
measurements and because of the complexity of load-pull techniques, a
major portion of the project is devoted to the collection and study of
load-pull data.
CAD Tools for Communication Microsystems
J. Schutt-Ainé,* K. Coperich, J. Tsai
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AF ECE 0849
Recent developments in the area of wireless communication systems and
micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) has enabled the networking of
distributed transducers in a wireless mode. It is now possible to
integrate monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) front-end
modules with MEMS components such as antennas, switches, and filters.
Our objective is to supply the necessary CAD tools to improve first-
pass success and reduce design iterations for such systems. In
particular, electromagnetic techniques are used to model various MEMS
switch structures and combined with simulation techniques to predict
the transient and steady-state response of these components. The goal
is to reduce the design cycle from several man-years to one man-week
in the successful implementation of these MEMS structures.
Symmetry Concepts in Scattering and Inverse Scattering Problems
W. C. Chew,* K. Radhakrishnan
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-95-I-0872
This research involves finding new algorithms to solve the forward
scattering and inverse scattering problems in electromagnetics.
Symmetry concepts will be exploited to see if redundancies could be
reduced in conventional methods of solving such problems. Of
particular interest is how the translational symmetry and rotational
symmetry of physical laws can be exploited to achieve this purpose.
Moreover, nested principles and equivalence principles will be used to
enhance the speed at which scattering and inverse scattering problems
could be solved on computers.
Inversion of Well-logging Tools
W. C. Chew,* S. Y. Chen
Schlumberger
In this project, we study the use of the distorted Born iterative
method and the local shape function method to study the inversion of
well-logging tools. These new methods can invert a profile of much
higher contrast than conventional technique where a linearization
approximation is made. To expedite the inversion, the forward problem
is solved with the CG-FFHT (conjugate gradient--fast Fourier Hankel
transform) method. Alternatively, a finite-element method with a
frontal solver is also used to invert well-logging data.
Forward and Inverse Modeling for Well-Logging Tools
W. C. Chew,* J. M. Jin,* E. Michielssen,* S. H. Deng,
Mobil
In this project, we study efficient methods to model 3-D geometries
involving lossy inhomogeneous media. We study the use of differential
equation solvers and integral equation solvers to achieve this goal.
Differential equations are solved with the finite-element method,
finite-difference method together with iterative methods like
conjugate gradient method, biconjugate gradient method, and spectral
Lanczos method. Integral equations are solved with method of moments
and the multilevel fast multipole algorithms. These solutions will
help model the response of a well-logging tool in a complex
environment. In the inverse problem, we will apply the Born iterative
and distorted Born iterative method to solve inverse problems related
to well-logging using efficient forward solvers.
Center for Computational Electromagnetics of Complex Structures
W. C. Chew,* S. W. Lee, J. M. Jin, E. Michielssen, P. Saylor, J. M.
Song
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR F49620-96-1-0025
The goals of this multimillion dollar project are: (1) to
substantially advance our knowledge in developing fast algorithms for
solving integral equations of electromagnetic scattering with reduced
computational complexity and memory requirements; (2) to enhance our
ability to solve partial differential equations of magnetic scattering
by reducing grid-dispersion error and modeling error; (3)
hybridization with high-frequency methods to further expand the class
of problems we can handle in addition to fast numerical methods; (4)
parallelization of our algorithms on massively parallel machines and
distributed systems to harness maximal throughput from present day
computers; (5) development of computational engines as workhorses and
application-specific modules for easy interfacing with real-world
applications problems.
Nonlinear Inverse Scattering Methods for Large Objects
W. C. Chew,* M. Brandfass
National Science Foundation, ECS 93-02145
This project investigates efficient methods to solve the volume
integral equation of scattering for inhomogeneous bodies in two and
three dimensions. The forward solver is then used to solve inverse
scattering problems involving many unknowns. The proposed forward
scattering and inverse scattering solvers use iterative methods. In
certain instances, recursive methods or nesting methods will be used.
Enhancements to and Characterization of the Very Early Time
Electromagnetics (VETEM) Prototype Instrument and Applications to
Shallow Subsurface Imaging of Sites in the DOE Complex
W. C. Chew,* F. C. Chen, T. J. Cui
U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG07-97ER14835
This project is in collaboration with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to
study the very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) system for the
detection, imaging, and characterization of landfills. A combination
of hardware and software enhancement to the present system will be
studied. UIUC's role will be mainly concentrated on software
enhancement using novel computational electromagnetics methods and
inverse scattering methods. Hence, this study will include physical
modeling, numerical forward and inverse modeling, and antenna modeling
over layered and subsurface media. The software modeling and inverse
modeling capabilities will in turn help USGS with the hardward design
and enhancement of the VETEM system as a better waste and landfill
characterization tool.
High-Speed Strained Quantum-Well Lasers and Optoelectronic Devices
S. L. Chuang,* C. S. Chang, J. Li
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-96-1-0303
Quantum-well InGaAs and InGaAsP semiconductors using strained effects
will be applied in the design and fabrication of optoelectronic
devices and systems including laser diodes and electroabsorption
modulators. We will focus on the fundamental research issues of these
optoelectronic devices and their high-speed applications for navy
needs. The full advantage of strained quantum-well semiconductors for
applications in semiconductor lasers and electroabsorption modulators
will be explored both theoretically and experimentally. Novel designs
of quantum-well lasers using different types of strain and
heterostructures will be realized for high-performance operation.
High-Bandwidth Direct Modulation of Distributed Feedback Quantum-Well
Lasers
S. L. Chuang,* E. Young, A. Dhawan
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-96-1-0902 (Augmentation Grant)
Wide-bandwidth microwave modulation of semiconductor strained quantum-
well lasers using distributed feedback structures plays an important
role in high bit-rate optical communication systems. The goals of this
project are (1) to design and fabricate high bandwidth quantum-well
lasers using strain effects and (2) to combine microwave and optical
measurement techniques to investigate the physics and device
performance of quantum-well lasers under high-speed modulation
conditions. The proposed project is interdisciplinary in nature
because optoelectronic device technology and microwave and optical
measurement techniques will be introduced to the study of high-
frequency modulation of quantum-well lasers for optical communication
systems.
Numerical Modeling of Vertical-Cavity Surface-emitting Lasers (VCSELs)
S. L. Chuang,* J.-F. Seurin, G. Liu
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
We will analyze a few important VCSELs using a numerical code
originally developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These
structures include the oxide confinement layer VCSELS, air-pillar
VCSELs, and proton-implanted VCSELs. We will also look into new
designs to optimize VCSEL structures for the control of the quality
factor, threshold gain, and the modal properties of the optical
resonator.
Polarization Dependence of Linear and Nonlinear Gains in Semiconductor
Quantum Wells
S. L. Chuang,* J. Minch, T. Keating
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22864
Fundamental linear and nonlinear gains and their polarization
dependencies in strained semiconductor quantum wells will be
investigated theoretically and experimentally. We will design strained
quantum wells such that the gains of both TE and TM polarizations have
nearly the same magnitude using InGaAs/InGaAlAs and InGaAs/InGaAsP
material systems. Strained quantum wells have important technological
applications in optoelectronic devices. With our comprehensive study,
polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifiers using
strained quantum wells will be designed.
Fiber-Optic Smart Structures for Railroad Applications
S. I. Chuang,* B. J. Dempsey* (Civil Engr.), A. Hsu, X. Jin, L. Gale
Association of American Railroads
We propose to research and develop fiber-optic sensor systems for rail
break detection and location, rail buckling detection, and weigh-in
motion. Rail break detection has been demonstrated previously using a
laser source, optical fiber, and detector and should undergo field
testing. Rail break location using an optical time domain
relfectometry system has also been demonstrated and also requires
field testing. New developments in fiber sensors have made the
detection of rail buckling feasible. They also allow weigh-in motion
fiber sensors to be more sensitive. Further research in rail buckling
detection and weigh-in motion will be conducted.
Computer Simulation of Interactions between High-Power Electromagnetic
Fields and Electronic Systems in a Complex Environment
J. Jin*
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-95-I-0848
This research is to develop a numerical simulation tool for the
investigation of the interactions between high-power electromagnetic
fields and complex electronic systems deployed in a large complex
platform. A clear understanding of such interactions is instrumental
in developing electronic systems capable of functioning normally in a
high-intensity ambient electromagnetic environment.
Characterization of Interaction of Electromagnetic Fields with
Biological Objects
J. Jin,* W. C. Chew
National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735
The interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects such
as a human body is an important issue in MRI and microwave
hyperthermia applications. Better understanding of such interactions
cannot only provide vital safety information, but can also enable
engineers to design better and new devices. In this project, we
develop highly accurate and efficient three-dimensional computational
methods for simulation of the interaction of electromagnetic fields
with biological objects.
Three-dimensional Finite-Element Method for Electromagnetic Field
Computation
J. Jin*
National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735
The goal of this project is to develop a finite-element method using
vector elements for electromagnetic analysis of electronic devices,
circuits, antennas, and radar scattering. Special emphasis is on the
method's accuracy, efficiency, and versatility. Both frequency and
time-domain methods will be investigated and their performance will be
evaluated. Specific applications will be demonstrated.
Hybrid Methods for Electromagnetic Scattering
J. Jin*
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MURI program
In this project, we develop hybrid numerical methods to compute
electromagnetic scattering from realistic three-dimensional targets.
These hybrid methods combine the high-frequency techniques, such as
the shooting-and-bouncing-ray technique, and the low-frequency
technique, such as the finite-element method and integral equation
methods, to take the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages of
both. As a result, they are accurate and efficient and can be applied
to large complex targets.
Sinuous Log-Periodic Antennas
P. E. Mayes,* J. Bowen
TRW Inc.
A four-arm sinuous zigzag antenna can provide simultaneous
reception/transmission of two polarizations over a very wide band of
frequencies. Despite the usefulness of this antenna, very little
analysis has been published. Of particular interest are unidirectional
versions obtained by adding ground planes and/or conducting cavities
to antennas of conical shape. In this project the moment method is
used in the computer solution for the currentson the arms of sinuous
antennas and on surrounding structures. The active impedance is then
calculated for several "modal" excitations.
Fabrication of Microminiature Devices and Micro-Electrical-Mechanical
Systems
I. Adesida, T. A. DeTemple, K-C. Hsieh, B. C. Wheeler;
University of Illinois, Critical Research Initiative Program
Applications for micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) that are
being developed include low-cost microoptical-mechanical switches for
telecommunications, mechanical devices for microsurgery, and masks for
biological molecule deposition. This project is aimed at high-force
and displacement devices, as well as using dissimilar materials and
creating 3-D utility from planar elements. One approach is to combine
wafer-scale and laser-material processing to join elements that cannot
be fabricated in the same process as silicon. Research in silicon and
laser-material processing is currently being developed to solve the
fundamental issues of MEMS.
Micro-Opto-Mechanical Switch
T. A. DeTemple,* J. Frame
National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166
This research explores a mixed technology for the realization of low-
cost, high-performance, planar optical waveguide switches. By
combining the outstanding optical properties of silica waveguides on
silicon and advanced silicon-processing technologies used for micro-
electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS), a novel micro-opto-mechanical
switch (MOMS) is developed as an alternate device for planar switching
fabrics. The research entails silicon fabrication, optical waveguide
properties, mechanical design issues such as critical fracture
strength of silicon and silica, and integrated actuators and position
sensors.
Mallard--A WWW-based Learning Environment
D. J. Brown,* M. Swafford, M. Covington, C. Graham,
Sloan Center for Asynchronous Learning Environments; University of
Illinois
Mallard is an interactive learning environment on the World Wide Web,
suitable for virtually any subject. Mallard provides a secure
environment within which one can organize online course material and
test students via interactive quizzes with instantaneous problem
correction and grading. Questions can be either randomly generated (if
appropriate) or randomly selected. Administrative utilities include
viewing up-to-the-minute tables of student progress, choosing grading
policies, and posting announcements and due dates. Since quizzes are
submitted and graded on-line, the instructor does not have to collect,
correct, or even record grades. For further information, see our
website at http://www.cen.uiuc.edu/Mallard.
Sloan Center for Asynchronous Learning Environments (SCALE)
B. Oakley II,* T. N. Trick,* L. Arvan*
Sloan Foundation; University of Illinois Foundation
The Sloan Center for Asynchronous Learning Environments (SCALE) on the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign campus is supported by a
grant from the Sloan Foundation with matching funds from the
University of Illinois Foundation. The goals of the center are (1) to
assist faculty in the restructuring, development, and delivery of
asynchronous learning network (ALN)-based courses on the UIUC campus,
(2) to promote, disseminate, and diffuse the ALN concept widely on the
UIUC campus and on the other campuses, and (3) to investigate the
impact of ALN on student learning and faculty productivity.
Bioengineering Curriculum Development at UIUC--Engaging Nonscience
Majors and Future Teachers
R. L. Magin,* B. C. Bruce* (Curriculum & Instruction),
Whitaker Foundation
We are developing bioengineering courses that meet university general
education requirements for nonscience/engineering majors and for
training of high school and elementary teachers. In particular, the
course Introduction to Medical Imaging is used as a tool to introduce
science, math, and engineering concepts.
Learning Technology Infrastructure for the Electrical and Computer
Engineering Department
B. C. Wheeler*
University of Illinois
The ECE Department plans to make the ECE World Wide Web home page the
gateway to "one-stop" shopping for students interested in
ECE activities. In addition to finding descriptive information
regarding the faculty, courses, advising, administrative functions,
and research activities, any student should be able to access
information for any ECE course, including meeting times and office
hours, homework assignments, solutions, and notes, and bulletin
boards. Support will be made available for advanced graphics, computer
simulations, on-line quizzes, and gradebooks.
Visible Upconversion Lasers--Fiber and Planar Waveguide Devices
J. G. Eden,* C. Herring, D. Funk, J. Gao, G. Figen,
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-95-I-0238
This research program is focusing on the demonstration and development
of compact sources of visible and ultraviolet radiation. Under this
program, the first ultraviolet and violet fiber lasers were recently
demonstrated. Also, cylindrical microdischarge devices have been
fabricated in silicon. Having diameters as small as 38 m, these
devices have continuously generated UV radiation from the xenon-iodide
excimer at 254 nm and appear to be attractive for integration with
electronic devices and for fabrication in arrays. Also, the optical
detection of atomic wavepackets by axially phase-matched, four wave
mixing has been demonstrated.
Visible and Near Ultraviolet Upconversion Lasers
J. G. Eden,* J. Will, D. Funk
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DAAH04-94-G-0370
Upconversion fluoride fiber lasers now offer power outputs exceeding
100 mW in the blue and more than 1 W in the red. This program is
pursuing the demonstration of coherent UV sources based on frequency-
doubling of rare earth-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers. Current efforts are
devoted to the Pr:ZBLAN system, which produces tunable output in the
blue-green, orange, and red.
Short Wavelength Fiber Lasers
J. G. Eden,* D. Wheeler, D. Funk
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-95-1-0369
The goal of demonstrating a visible-emitting (upconversion) fiber
laser pumped by a red semiconductor diode laser has recently been
realized. A holmium-doped fluoride glass fiber laser, operating in the
green at l~542 nm, has been pumped by an InGaAlP diode laser,
operating in a single spatial diode at 643 nm. The threshold pump
power for this laser is <4 mW, which is the lowest for any
upconversion fiber laser. The power conversion efficiency for this
laser is >10%. In addition, other fiber lasers are also being
explored.
Plasma-deposited Barrier Coatings
M. J. Kushner,* D. Zhang, M. Dalvie (BD)
Becton-Dickinson Research Center
There is great motivation in the medical supply industry to replace
glass containers with plastic. Unfortunately, most plastics are
sufficiently permeable to liquids that plastic vials have limited
shelf life. Application of thin coatings (200 Å to
3000 Å) of silicon dioxide, however, reduce this permeation
to sufficiently low levels that plastic vials become viable options.
In a cooperative research project with Becton-Dickinson Research
Center, computer models of plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition
of silicon dioxide on multiple arrays of tubes are being developed.
The goals of this project are to determine the consequences of this
unique reactor configuration on plasma properties and to determine
methods to optimize the deposition process.
Advanced Plasma Equipment--Design and Optimization
M. J. Kushner,* S. Rauf, E. Keiter, R. Hoekstra,
Applied Materials Corp.
Computer simulations of plasma equipment for microelectronics
fabrication have advanced to the point that new generations of
equipment can be virtually designed and optimized prior to hardware
prototyping. In a cooperative research program with Applied Materials
Corp., plasma equipment models being developed at the University of
Illinois are being used to design new etching and deposition reactors.
Emphasis is being placed on magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching
(MERIE) and ionized metal physical vapor deposition (IMPVD) reactors.
New computational algorithms are being developed and applied to the
task.
Simulation of Plasma Display Panels
M. J. Kushner,* S. Rauf
LG Electronics, Inc.
An emerging technology for large-area (> 1-2 m) flat panel displays
are plasma display panels (PDPs) in which each pixel of the display is
a miniature plasma (10s-100s microns), which generate UV light.
Important technical issues include the efficiency of UV light
generation, optimum pulse power format, plasma cross-talk between
pixels, and lifetime of the device. Computer simulations of PDP cells
are being developed to investigate these issues and to help optimize
PDP cells. The 2-D models contain detailed descriptions of the plasma,
photon transport, and plasma surface interactions. Studies are being
performed on breakdown mechanisms of the plasma cells and their
dependence on surface characteristics such as secondary electron
emission.
Computational Investigations in Support of Plasma-aided Manufacturing
M. J. Kushner,* M. Grapperhaus, R. Hoekstra, E. Keiter,
University of Wisconsin NSF Engineering Research Center for Plasma-
Aided Manufacturing
Plasmas are becoming increasingly important in high-technology
manufacturing. Plasmas are used to deposit films, harden materials,
modify surfaces, and synthesize bulk materials. We are supporting the
University of Wisconsin National Science Foundation Engineering
Research Center for Plasma-Aided Manufacturing by developing computer
models for systems of interest to the manufacture of microelectronics
and index gradable materials. We have developed nonequilibrium
electron and ion kinetics models of reactive ion etching (RIE) and
inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactors; and cleanup of plasma
sources for ion implantation (PSII) using Fourier transform mass
spectroscopy (FTMS). We are also addressing the consequences of
particulate contamination in polymerizing plasmas.
Electrode Topography in Plasma-processing Equipment
M. J. Kushner,* E. Keiter, M. Grapperhaus, R. Hoekstra,
National Science Foundation, ECS 94-04133
Nonplanar structures in contact with a plasma can cause perturbations
in the electric potentials and plasma densities. Plasma etching
reactors for fabrication of microelectronic devices are carefully
designed to minimize these perturbing effects. It is less well known
that nonuniform structures below the wafer can also perturb the
plasma. Observations of dust particle traps and nonuniform etching
have been correlated with dielectric structures beneath the wafer. In
this research program, we are developing plasma equipment models to
investigate the effects of electrode topography (above and below the
wafer) on the uniformity of plasma generation, ion fluxes to the
wafer, and dust particle traps.
Plasma Remediation of Toxic Gases
M. J. Kushner,* X. Xu
National Science Foundation, CTS 94-12565
More stringent regulations on the allowable levels of toxic gases in
the exhausts from internal combustion engines and industrial processes
have motivated research into more efficient methods to treat those gas
streams. We are developing multidimensional plasma chemistry models to
investigate plasma remediation as a method to remove toxins from
atmospheric pressure gases. In plasma remediation, electron impact
reactions produce oxidizing or reducing radicals which either convert
the toxin to a harmless gas or to a gas for which conventional
remediation methods can be used. We are investigating reaction
mechanisms and the plasma hydrodynamics in dielectric barrier and
corona discharges for remediation of NOx and VOCs (volatile organic
compounds). Scaling laws for energy efficiency are being developed.
Modeling of Plasma Equipment for Microelectronics Fabrication
M. J. Kushner,* E. Keiter, S. Rauf, M. J. Grapperhaus,
Semiconductor Research Corp.
Of the hundreds of processing steps in the manufacture of silicon
microelectronics devices such as memory chips and microprocessors,
approximately one-third use plasmas for etching, deposition, cleaning,
or passivation. As wafer sizes continue to increase, the need for
highly uniform, particle-free plasma-processing equipment also
increases. In this project we are developing plasma equipment models
(PEMs) to study important plasma generation and transport processes
and to investigate methods to scale plasma reactors to process larger
wafers. The PEMs are geometrically flexible and are able to address a
variety of chemistries. Particular attention is being paid to
processes which generate particle contamination of the wafers, and to
coupling plasma transport codes to feature profile simulators.
Real-Time Control of Plasma Processing
M. J. Kushner,* P. Khargonekar (Univ. of Michigan),
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-95-1-0524
As wafer sizes continue to increase, improvements in plasma processing
for microelectronics fabrication will soon require that real-time
control be applied to stabilize and improve manufacturing steps. We
are investigating real-time control methodologies for obtaining
spatially uniform etch rates and to signal the end point of the etch.
This work is being performed in collaboration with the University of
Michigan, where experiments on real-time control of plasma etching
reactors are being performed. We are developing computer models of
those processes to determine the physical processes, sensor outputs,
and control points that are best monitored to achieve these goals.
Remote Plasma Processing for Semiconductor Interfaces
M. J. Kushner,* R. Kinder, E. Keiter, D. Zhang
U.S. Air Force Office of Naval Research; North Carolina State
University
As the feature size of microelectronics components shrinks to below
100 nm, the interfaces between structures become increasingly more
important to the performance of the device. Remote plasma processing
provides a means whereby surfaces may be cleaned and passivated and
dielectric layers grown while carefully controlling the flux of
reactants to the substrate. In a collaborative research project with
North Carolina State University, we are developing computer
simulations of remote plasma reactors and surface growth kinetics.
These models are being used to optimize reactor conditions for
producing thin films for microelectronics devices.
Computer-aided Design Tools for Particle Contamination during Plasma
Processing
M. J. Kushner,* P. J. Stout (CFD), A. Krishnan (CFD),
U.S. Army Research Office; CFD Research Corp.
Particle contamination of wafers during plasma processing of
microelectronics is a major source of reduced yield. We have
previously developed algorithms and computer models (the dust
transport simulation, DTS) to predict particle contamination and
growth in plasma tools. In this research project, these algorithms are
being transferred to CFD Research Corp. for use in comprehensive
computational fluid dynamics computer-aided design tools.
Optoelectronics Integrated Circuits for Receivers
M. Feng,* D. Barlage, W. H. Chang, H. Hsia
National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166
This program is to study MSM and PIN detectors and their integration
with transimpedance amplifiers. The baseline approach for a short
wavelength 0.85 m MSM detector will use direct ion-implanted GaAs
MESFETs to achieve a bandwidth of 20 GHz. The baseline approach for
long wavelength (1.3-1.6 m) detectors will use junction FET and PIN
approaches. The process and design rules will be established for high-
speed ICs.
JOGHz Ion Implanted GaAs MESFET
M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Beecher
TriQuint Semiconductor
This program is to study the 50 GHz to 100 GHz ion implanted GaAs
MESFET for millimeter-wave integrated circuit application.
CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter-Wave Wireless
Communication Microsystem
M. Feng,* S. C. Shen, M. Heins, in collaboration with
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F30602-97-2-0328
We are developing CAD capabilities for a gigahertz wireless
communication and distribution microsystems. We are also developing
scalable MMIC modules with integrated MEM components.
High-Frequency Measurement Project on High-Tc Superconductor
M. Feng,* J. Fendrich, H. S. K. Hsia
National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20539
This project has contributed to the study of BKBO and YBCO film
characterization at microwave and terahertz frequencies. A parallel-
plate resonator (10 GHz) was built to characterize sheet resistance in
the microwave frequency. A noncontact coherent time-domain
spectroscopy (THz) was used to characterize real and imaginary parts
of conductivity. An on-wafer cryogenic microwave probing technique (1-
40 GHz, 15-300°K) is employed to establish patterned film
scattering parameter. This work also aims to development engineering
model parameters using a GHz on-wafer probe technique.
InGa HBT for ADC Applications
M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, M. Heins, in collaboration with G. E.
Stillman's group
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-96-C-8615
We are developing an InGaP HBT device model (thermal and electrical
model) for implantation into MDS and HSPICs. The second-order Sigma-
Delta ADCs with 5 Gbits and 8-bit resolution has been designed,
simulated, and fabricated.
InGaAs/InP BiFET for ADC Applications
M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, H. Hsia, Z. Tang, M. Hein, in
collaboration with G. E. Stillman's group
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97-C-8618
We have developed a 200-GHz InGaAs/InP HFET and integrated it with a
200-GHz HBT. Using this technology, we will construct a fifth-order
Sigma-Delta ADC for a 16-bit and 3 FDR > 100 dbc.
Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits Technology
M. Feng,* R. Shimon
Northrop Corp.
This project is a joint effort with Northrup for developing 0.25 m
gate and 0.1 m gate GaAs FET-based technology for the application in
monolithic millimeter wave ICs (MMWICs). Based on the high-frequency
device characterization, an equivalent circuit model will be
generated. This model will then be used for MMWIC design. The
fabrication of the MMWICs will be demonstrated.
Millimeter Wave Technology HBT and HFET
M. Feng,* G. E. Stillman
Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc.
We will design and fabricate MOCVD-grown, doped channel HFETs and
InGaP and AlGaAs HBTs. We will characterize these devices and optimize
their performance for 24- to 77-GHz applications.
Digital Radar Receiver
M. Feng,* J. Fendrich
Mayo Foundation; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
This project performs the design and fabrication of an RF front end
(400-700 MHz) fully tunable receiver system. We are working closely
with the Mayo Foundation MIT-Lincoln Lab and DARPA to build two
brassboard RF receiver front ends for digital radar applications.
Low-Cost Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Integrated Circuits by Direct Ion
Implantation into LEC Substrate
M. Feng,* D. Scherrer, J. Middleton, P. Apostolakis
DARPA and Wright-Patterson AFB, F33615-92-C-1039
This work is aimed at developing 0.1 m gate GaAs MESFETs for low-cost
millimeter-wave IC. ft-110 GHz was achieved; a noise figure less than
0.8 dB was measured at 18 GHz. This work will enhance cost-effective
millimeter-wave IC technology.
Fundamental Speed Limitation of InGaAs HEMTs and MESFETs
M. Feng,* P. Apostolakis
National Science Foundation, ECE 93-13936
This program is to study the fundamental speed difference of 2-DEG and
3-DEG FETs. We will investigate the fundamental issues to improve or
degrade the speed performance of device operation. Furthermore, we
will determine the reduction of 1-DEG and 0-DEG in FETs device
performance and the fundamental speed limitation of different gate
lengths of InGaAs FETs.
MOCVD HEMT Technology
M. Feng*
Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc.
We will investigate the performance of MOCVD grown P-HEMT and HEMT
technology and its performance comparison between MESFETs and MBE-
grown HEMTs.
DC-110 GHz Characterization and Modeling of Transistors and
Integrated Circuits
M. Feng,* J. Kruse
University of Illinois
The objective of this research project is the characterization and
experimental determination of high-field transport properties in an
InGaAs alloy system that will result in the establishment of a
fundamental speed limitation of InGaAs FETs.
Noise Characterization of Self-Aligned Gate GaAs MESFETs
M. Feng,* D. Scherrer
ITT Corp.
This project aims to reduce the minimum noise figure on the direct
ion-implanted self-aligned GaAs MESFETs based on the design of
experiments in terms of dose and gate overlay.
YBCO Superconducting Transmission Line Characterization
M. Feng,* J. Fendrich
Superconductor Technology Inc.
This project studies the design rule of MCM using a superconductor as
an interconnect line. Loss and phase delay are compared between gold
and the superconductor line. Bit-error-rate and crosstalk will also be
examined.
10- to 20-GHz OEIC Receivers
M. Feng,* G. E. Stillman, W. H. Chang, N. Gardner
Northrop Corp.
This project is aimed at the design and fabrication of 20-GHz OEIC
receivers. Long-wavelength 15-GHz PIN detectors are designed and
fabricated using InGaAs/InP from G. E. Stillman's group. The 17-GHz
transimpedance amplifier is designed and fabricated by M. Feng's
group. The PIN will be flip-chip bonded to a transimpedance amplifier.
Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (IVHS)
M. Feng,* J. Kruse, P. Apostolakis, J. Middleton,
Northrop Corp.
This project is a joint development effort between UIUC and Northrop
on millimeter-wave IC chip sets for IVHS. We will design transmitter,
receiver, mixer, and oscillator millimeter-wave ICs using co-planar
technology. The mask and fabrication will use UIUC ion implanted,
superlow-noise GaAs MESFETs and a monolithic IC process.
Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (II) (IVHS)
M. Feng,* R. Shimon, D. A. Caruth, J. Middleton, H. Hsia
Northrop Gruman Corp.
This project is a follow-up of the TRP/DARPA contract based on the
success of the University of Illinois 24-GHz and 38-GHz GaAs MESFET
MMIC for LNA and VCO. The new contract is aimed at low-cost
implementation of a 0.1 m gate GaAs MESFET and MMIC by direct ion
implantation for 77-GHz LNA and VCO collision avoidance radar.
AlGaAs/GaAs HBT Modeling
M. Feng,* P. Mares, M. Hein
Rockwell Microelectronics, Inc.
This project aims to establish a useful SPICE model for HBT integrated
circuits application. Our approach is based on 45-MHz to 50-GHz bias-
dependent microwave data collection on an HBT device using HP-ICCAP.
Temperature-dependent microwave data collection will be included in
the model.
38-GHz Ion Implantation GaAs MESFET Technology Transfer Program
M. Feng,* J. Middleton, S. K. Hsia
Northrop Grumman Corp.; M/A-Com/Amp
This project is aimed at the technology transfer of the University of
Illinois 0.25 m gate GaAs MESFET for 24-GHz and 38-GHz MMICs for LNA
and VCO to M/A-Com. for low-cost production.
ADC Circuit Design on a Sigma-Delta Modulator
M. Feng,* M. Heins, D. Barrage
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-96-0218 (Intel Fellowship)
This project is aimed at design of 3 Gbit/s for an 8-bit ADC. Our
first goal is to design the subcircuits library of comparator, sample,
and hold circuit and O design of an ADC.
GaAs- and InP-based HBT Reliability
M. Feng,* G. E. Stillman,* D. Barlage, M. Heins
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-94-0369
This project is to set up an HBT reliability test. HBT reliability has
become a major issue because of heterostructure interface and fast
diffuse p-type impurities in both InP- and GaAs-based HBTs. We will
test HBT devices from Rockwell, Hughes, and TRW for the basic failure
mechanism.
Hybrid and Monolithic OEIC Receivers
M. Feng,* J. Mu, J. Middleton
DARPA Center for Optoelectronics Science and Technology
This project is aimed at hybrid integration of a PIN/GaAs
transimpedance amplifier at 20 GHz operation. The monolithic IC is
involved in design and fabrication of 4-channel OEIC receivers using
GaAs MESFET technology.
III-V Detector Technology
G. E. Stillman,* M. Feng,* K. C. Hsieh,* S. L. Chuang,*
Wright-Patterson AFB, F336154-91-C-1805
This program is aimed at developing infrared detector technology in
the 3 to 5 m and 8 to 12 m windows. The application involves the next
generation of satellite sensors and thermal imagers. The approach uses
a quantum-well detector and its intersubband transitions using
AlGaAs/GaAs and InGaAs/InP material systems. The spectral response,
dark current, quantum efficiency, and noise are characterized using
FTIR and diode characteristics. A device model will be generated to
predict all the detector parameters.
Ka-Band Ion-implanted GaAs MESFET
M. Feng,* J. Middleton, D. Chan
Hughes Aircraft Co.
This project is aimed at developing low-cost ion-implanted GaAs MESFET
technology for 38.5 GHz LNA, PA, oscillator, and mixer.
An Integrated On-Chip System for Nanoliter Molecular Separation and
NMR Detection
D. J. Beebe,* R. L. Magin, J. Sweedler
National Science Foundation, DBI-9603519
The goal of this project is the integration of sample injection,
capillary electrophoresis, and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)
detection on a single silicon substrate using MEMS (micro-electro-
mechanical systems) fabrication techniques. The integration and
microscale dimensions of the system will provide increased separation
efficiency, decreased sample volumes (nanoliters), and increased NMR
detection coil sensitivity. Most importantly, the precise geometrical
control and material choices afforded by using MEMS fabrication
techniques will allow optimization of running time, limit of
detection, and NMR spectral linewidth.
A Force-Sensitive Skin for Biomedical Applications
D. J. Beebe*
The Whitaker Foundation
The goals of this project are twofold. The first is the design,
development, and testing of a force-sensitive skin. The finished skin
will be capable of conforming to any shape surface and provide touch-
sensing capabilities. The second is the use of the skin to study the
role of compressive and shear forces distributed against the palmar
surface of the hand during grasping activities and to study the role
of shear forces in the formation of pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)
and surface abrasions in wheelchair-bound subjects.
Technology Development for Embryo Labeling
D. J. Beebe,* A. Williams
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 9-37208-2371; Louisiana Tech
University
The goal of this project is to develop new technologies to enable the
unique labeling and subsequent automatic sorting of individual
embryos. This research will investigate several approaches to the
labeling problem including embryo branding and the implantation of a
microsized tag on the embryo. Due to the value of bovine embryos and
the advantages of group culturing, the prospect of individually
labeled embryos is of great interest to breeding services.
Tactile Interfaces
D. J. Beebe*
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; Army Research
Laboratory
The goal of this project is development of novel tactile interface
schemes for use by army personnel. One effort will be aimed at
demonstrating tactile communication concepts via existing technology,
while the second effort (basic research) will focus on an
investigation of the mouth as a possible tactile communication site
and the potential for the application of micro-electro-mechanical
systems technologies to the development of tactile interfaces for the
mouth.
Technology for Handling and Analytical Measurement of Individual
Embryos
D. Beebe,* M. Wheeler, R. Magin
Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research
The primary objectives of this proposal are to develop prototype
microscale systems for the handling and evaluation of individual
embryos and to demonstrate the use of these systems using mouse
embryos. Work will proceed along two parallel paths. The first path
will focus on the fabrication and testing of microscale systems to
allow precise and safe handling of individual embryos. The second path
will focus on several NMR studies to evaluate the safety and
usefulness of micro-NMR spectroscopy for the evaluation of embryo
viability and development. The long-term impact of this work may be
profound. Specifically it will allow research to increase our
understanding to factors affecting embryo viability, which are natural
components of normal healthy embryos.
Integrated Mesoscopic Cooler Circuits (IMCCs)--A Transforming
Technology of Robust Ultraefficient Environmental Control for 21st
Century Warriors
D. Beebe,* M. L. Philpott, M. Shannon, T. A. DeTemple, K. C. Hsieh, A.
Rockett, C. Bullard, A. Jacobs, P. Hrnjak,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DAA97-19
A distributed system of light-weight, ultraefficient mesoscopic
coolers will be developed that can be economically mass-produced to
create a flexible cooling system. By combining innovative layered
mesoscopic fabrication techniques with a scale-efficient vapor-
compression cycle, an IMCC is created with potential improvements in
cooling performance of 5 times over small normal-scale systems. The
process combines polyimide/thin-film layers with silicon-based
electro-mechanical device fabrication. A network of flexible,
electrically powered IMCCs approximately 120 mm square and 3 mm thick
may be used to create a cooling system for a wide range of military
and commercial applications.
Analysis and Design of RF Resonators for MRI Applications
J. Jin,* R. L. Magin, A. G. Webb
National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735
RF resonators, also known as RF coils, RF antennas, and
electromagnetic probes, are crucial devices for obtaining high-quality
magnetic resonance images for clinical diagnosis. In this project, we
develop numerical methods for analysis and design of such resonators
for MRI applications. Specific mathematical models will be developed
for low- and high-field MRI systems, which may include high-frequency
phase variation and bioeffect dosimetry for RF fields.
Constrained Spectroscopic Imaging
Z.-P. Liang,* P. C. Lauterbur*
National Institutes of Health, 1R01CA51430-01A4
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging promises to provide an
entirely new way to examine the dynamics of human biochemical
processes in vivo noninvasively. However, its practical applications
have been thus far rather limited because of low sensitivity and long
imaging time. The primary objective of this research is to develop
mathematical methods to effectively utilize the readily available
anatomical information to constrain the spectral distribution so that
we can reduce imaging time without compromising spatial resolution.
Virtual MRI Laboratory
Z.-P. Liang,* D. Everding, R. L. Magin
National Science Foundation, BES-95-02121
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are one of the most
complicated engineering systems ever invented. The primary goal of
this project is to develop a virtual laboratory for teaching and
learning MRI principles. This lab is based on the World Wide Web so
that students can access it from anywhere at any time. It has two
major components: a virtual MRI system for students to carry out
simulated MRI experiments and a conferencing system for students,
teaching assistants, and instructors to interact asynchronously. We
expect this lab to provide an effective learning environment for
students to conduct virtual MRI experiments and to have asynchronous
group discussion.
Functional Brain Imaging
Z.-P. Liang,* D. Li
National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; Beckman Institute for
Advanced Science and Technology
The primary objective of this project is to develop new signal-
processing algorithms for detecting brain activities from functional
MRI data. We are investigating a wavelet-transform-based filtering and
t-test method for signal detection and a multiscale method for image
registration and motion correction.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging--A New Way to Assess Radiation
Therapy and Hyperthermia
R. L. Magin,* L. J. Wilmes, A. G. Webb, K. J. Kolbeck,
University of Illinois
Functional magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide physiological
and biochemical information in a noninvasive fashion. Unlike proton
relaxational agents, which act by altering tissue relaxation times (T1
and T2), functional agents encode physiological information directly
in the chemical shift of the NMR active nuclei. We are investigating
new functional MR agents to map the partial pressure of oxygen,
temperature, or pH in tissues to MR images. The goal is to obtain
accurate, localized information in vivo within reasonable imaging
times. This technology is relevant to radiation therapy and
hyperthermia treatment of tumors, where knowledge of local oxygen
pressure, temperature, and pH can provide valuable information for
optimizing treatment protocols.
Monolithic Gallium Arsenide Receiver for NMR Microscopy
R. L. Magin,* M. Feng, T. Peck, J. Stocker
University of Illinois
The objective of this research is to improve the performance of
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy systems by fabricating the
radio-frequency (RF) detection coil and preamplifier on a single
monolithic GaAs substrate. The RF microcoil will be formed from 4 to 7
turns of a gold conductor in a planar geometry. A simple tuning and
impedance matching network will link the RF coil to a single stage,
common source configuration, GaAs metal semiconductor field effect
transistor (MESFET). The amplifier will be designed for high gain and
low noise over the relatively narrow bandwidth needed for NMR signal
detection. Gallium arsenide MESFET amplifiers are ideal for this
purpose.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Incorporating High-Temperature
Superconductor Microcoils
D. J. Van Harlingen* (Physics), R. L. Magin*
University of Illinois Campus Research Initiative
The goal of this project is to develop a unique nuclear magnetic
resonance imaging microscope (NMRIM) designed to probe the magnetic
microstructure of condensed matter and biological systems. The
innovative and critical feature of this instrument is the use of
planar microcoils fabricated from high-temperature superconductor thin
films. This approach links two recently implemented schemes that have
successfully enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio in NMR microscopy and
microspectroscopy applications: the reduction of detection coil size
for enhanced signal sensitivity and the implementation of high-
temperature superconductor materials for decreased noise.
Microcoil-based Probes for Nanoliter Volume NMR
T. L. Peck,* R. L. Magin, A. G. Webb
National Institutes of Health, PHS 1R43HL56546-01
The overall goal of this research and development effort is to develop
a family of specialized microscopic probes for NMR spectroscopy. The
study includes the modeling, design, and construction, followed by
experimental testing of, microcoil-based probes with volumes ranging
from 5 nL to 1000 nL, each with picomol sensitivity. The major aim is
to achieve the spectral resolution necessary for implementation of
high-resolution NMR techniques, while maintaining high filling factor
for optimal sensitivity.
Analytical Microseparations with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection
R. L. Magin,* J. Sweedler, T. L. Peck, A. G. Webb
National Science Foundation, DMI 95-23220
Liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are powerful and
widely used methods of separating complex chemical mixtures into
individual components, and NMR spectroscopy is an information-rich
chemical detection scheme. However, the relatively poor sensitivity of
NMR spectroscopy has limited its application as a detector for
microseparations. In this study we propose to develop a new generation
of low-volume (5 nL-1 L) NMR detection cells that employ specially
designed RF microcoils to obtain a two order of magnitude improvement
in sensitivity.
Microlithographic Probe for Cellular-Level NMR Detection
T. L. Peck,* R. L. Magin
National Institutes of Health, PHS 1R41RR11755-01
This project involves the design and fabrication on gallium arsenide
substrates of a family of highly sensitive, multiturn planar
microcoils for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. The
microcoils proposed have 1 to 5 turns, feature sizes of 5 m to 25 m,
inner diameters from 25 m to 250 m, and aspect ratios to greater than
1:1. These microcoils represent the important first stage in the
development of an NMR microscope. Using these probes, researchers may
for the first time be able to examine cellular-level processes, e.g.,
drug uptake or metabolic activity, in real time, as it occurs in
single cells.
Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Functional Imaging Agents for
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
University of Illinois
Conventional MRI provides anatomical and spatial information in both
medical and nonmedical scanning regimes. Using newly developed agents,
we are able to determine noninvasively such measurements as
temperature, oxygen levels, and pH. Areas of investigation are
chemical synthesis and theoretical modeling of new compounds,
optimization of RF coil geometries, and development of post-processing
algorithms to increase sensitivity.
Investigation of the Mass Limits of Detection in High-Resolution NMR
A. G. Webb*
University of Illinois
The overall aim of this research area is to increase the mass
sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance by two to three orders of
magnitude using extreme miniaturization of the radio-frequency coil
used as the detector. Susceptibility matching schemes are being
developed to ensure that high-resolution spectra are acquired.
In Vivo MRI Thermometry Using New Functional Imaging Agents
A. G. Webb*
Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Foundation
Fluorine- and proton-based phase-transition agents are being
synthesized for in vivo temperature mapping using magnetic resonance
imaging. Applications to hyperthermia treatment of cancer are being
investigated.
Applications of NMR Microspectroscopy to Combinatorial Chemistry
A. G. Webb,* R. Subramanian, J. V. Sweedler
Smith Kline Beecham
Combinatorial chemistry is the most recently developed synthetic
pathway whereby up to a million new therapeutic drugs can be produced
simultaneously. The very small quantities of material (less than 100
pmoles) precludes structural identification by traditional high-
resolution NMR. Our efforts are concentrated on designing RF
microcoils for operation at high magnetic fields (>11 T) for
efficient detection of these chemical products.
Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
A. G. Webb,* J. V. Sweedler
National Institutes of Health, PHS 1R01GM53030-01
The aim is to develop microscopic hardware so that single-cell imaging
and spectroscopy experiments can be run using the model system Aplysia
californica. Using techniques such as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy,
the physical environment of neuropeptides within vesicles can be
determined, giving valuable information on the mode of action of these
metabolites.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
A. G. Webb*
National Science Foundation, DBI 97-22320
Using microscopic NMR coils and small magnetic field gradients, the
resolution of NMR microimaging can theoretically be improved to 1 to 2
cubic microns. We are investigating the mechanisms which limit
resolution and devising new methods to overcome these limitations.
Biological experiments on spinal cord tissue are also planned.
An Integrated NMR
R. L. Magin,* A. G. Webb
National Science Foundation, DBI 96-05829
Microlithographic and MEMS technology are being used to integrate the
individual components of the receiver for nuclear magnetic resonance.
This leads to advantages in packaging for planar microcoils and
increases in the signal-to-noise ratio.
Ultrahigh Field Probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
A. G. Webb,* S. J. Blackband, T. H. Mareci
National Science Foundation
Nuclear magnetic resonance microprobes are being constructed for
operation at the highest frequency magnets in the world at the
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Tallahassee, Fla. Coil
characterization includes measurements of self-resonant frequencies
and magnetic susceptibility for different geometries. High-resolution
spectroscopy and microimaging experiments are being performed.
Inteferometric Imaging
D. Brady,* R. Stack, E. Michielssen
Packard Foundation; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-95-1-
0496
This project examines the information capacity of interferometric
imaging systems for applications to 3-D sensing and superresolved
imaging. The capture of space-time fields by scanning imaging
interferometers and by diffractive interferometers are central to
experiments under this program.
Ultrafast Surface Science
D. Brady,* J. Lyding, M. Gruebele (Chemistry), N. Makri (Chemistry)
National Science Foundation, DMR 96-12194
The ultrafast surface science laboratory consists of a vacuum STM
chamber coupled to a variety of mode-locked and continuous wave
optical sources. In the laboratory studies are made of molecular and
atomic dynamics on surfaces, photo-assisted electron disorption,
dynamic charge waves, and the ultrafast dynamics of STM tip-surface
coupling.
Distributed Bragg Pulse Shapers and Ultrafast Communications
D. Brady, * K. Purchase, D. Roh, J. Coleman
U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-96-1-0163
Electrooptic modulation of parallel Bragg gratings in AlGaAs
waveguides is used to create terahertz bandwidth wavepacket encoders
for optical communications. This project focuses on the design of
wavepacket encoders and of critical spectral holographic elements for
terahertz communications systems.
Structures for Coordination in Power Systems
G. Gross*
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
Power pooling among electric utility companies aims at effectively
harnessing operating economics and reliability benefits through
coordinated interchange of power, energy, and related services. In the
existing utility industry structure, the operation of power pools
brings about the necessary level of coordination to maintain the
integrity of large interconnections. In light of growing competition,
the continuation of such pools is difficult. This project examines the
structures of existing and proposed power pools. It aims to construct
analytical frameworks for such coordinated operations. The work will
explore the minimal requirements for coordination to maintain system
reliability and security. The frameworks will also be used to assess
the economic efficiency of pooling.
Multiarea Power Systems Production Costing
G. Gross*
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
The most challenging aspects of multiarea studies is to model
realistically the loads and resources in each area and to construct
computationally efficient schemes for their simulation. Typical
applications are to interchange contract evaluation, geographically
differentiated marginal costing studies, transmission services
pricing, and strategic and resource planning. The multiarea production
cost simulation model must correctly take into account the impacts of
transmission constraints as well as interconnection operational
policies. Our objective is to build a general model to simulate the
operation of multiarea power systems under various operational
policies, ranging from totally centralized dispatch to decentralized
bidding dispatch.
Optimal Bidding Strategies in Competitive Electricity Markets
G. Gross,* S. Tao
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
We have developed a general framework for the analysis of competitive
electricity markets modeled after the so-called Poolco concept. Under
the assumption of perfect competition, we formulated optimal bidding
strategies for supply-side bidders. We are extending this framework to
include the consideration of demand-side bidding in electricity
markets. Strategies for maximizing profits of demand-side bidders are
studied. Additional areas of investigation are the relaxation of the
perfect competition assumption, the study of market power, the impacts
of transmission, and the incorporation of financial contracts into the
strategies of bidders.
Evaluation of the Automated Interchange Matching System (AIMS)
G. Gross*
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
AIMS is a computerized hourly interchange matching system whose goal
is to promote the maximum economic savings among all the participating
players. This is accomplished by matching of bids to sell and offers
to buy so that the sum of the savings for all the participants is
maximized. We are evaluating the matching scheme from the point of
view of the system, a buyer, and a seller. Our interest is to study
the strategic behavior of players in formulating their bids to sell
and offers to buy. We are investigating the truth revelation
characteristics of the bids/offers, the role of transmission
availability and the overall impact on system operations.
Determination of Available Transfer Capability
G. Gross*
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
In a restructured environment, electric utility consumers will
eventually choose providers of electrical energy. Hence, there will be
greater use of the system for transmission between various players and
a much higher level of power flowing through the power grid. This, in
turn, will bring about the need to quantify the amount of transmission
service that a network can provide. Our research aims to develop a
consistent definition of transmission transfer capability and a
general set of procedures for its evaluation. We will investigate the
information requirements and the computational aspects and will study
the use of a real-time information network as a medium for sharing the
necessary information among various parties involved in the
transmission of electricity.
Simulation of the Multinode, Open Access, Same-Time Information System
G. Gross,* Y. Tian
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
A Web-based simulator of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
mandated Open Access Same-Time Information System (OASIS) network was
implemented. The purpose of the simulator is to provide a tool to
study the various aspects of an OASIS network, to gain a strong
intuitive feel for its operations, and to train users. For a specified
time period, the OASISNET simulator reproduces an OASIS network of
multiple nodes using the same communications medium as the actual
system, the Internet, and with multiple players using the simulator
simultaneously. Salient features of the simulator are its modular
architecture, the ability to simulate multinode OASIS network
operations, and to accept simultaneous access from remote users
through use of client/server technology.
Structure Paradigms for Power System Restructuring
G. Gross*
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
The entrenchment of competition, the drive for unbundling of services
and products, and the new regulatory decisions are resulting in the
development of new structures for power systems. A key consideration
in the formulation of new structures is the need to have minimum
requirements for coordination to ensure the integrity, reliability,
and security of the system. This investigation is focusing on the
economic efficiency, engineering/technical considerations/constraints,
and critical informational aspects of various structural paradigms.
Development of an Analytical Framework for Dispersed Generation
G. Gross,* Y. Lin
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
Increased competition in the electricity supply industry, increasing
costs of transmission and distribution upgrades, greater pressures on
cleaner environment, higher energy efficiency, and decreasing marginal
costs of new and smaller generation technologies are some of the
factors that are going to impact on alternatives for adding
electricity supplies. The so-called dispersed generation option has
associated benefits that are diverse but at the same time may impact
negatively on the system reliability. The principal objective is to
formulate a comprehensive analytical framework for dispersed
generation within which the economic, technological, environmental,
and reliability aspects can be studied.
Allocation of Losses in a Transaction-based System
G. Gross,* S. Tao
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
We are studying the allocation of losses as a function of power flows
in a transaction-based system. We have recast the power flow problem
in a transaction-based system and are studying the issue of allocating
losses on the basis of the physical flows that the transactions bring
about. The use of appropriate approximations is part of the approach.
Extensive tests of the approach are being carried out on systems of
varying sizes. The objective is to extend this research to other
ancillary services such as reactive power.
Evaluation of the Bilateral-Transaction-based Electricity Markets
G. Gross,* J. W. Lee
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
We are investigating the structure and functioning of the bilateral-
transaction-based electricity markets brought about by the
restructuring in Norway and Sweden. The objective is to analyze the
salient characteristics of the Nord Pool market and to perform a side-
by-side comparison with the England and Wales Electricity Pool. The
development of a mathematical model representing the market structure
and rules governing the operation of the Nord Pool market will be
developed. The study will assess the functioning of the independent
grid operator and the critical role of transmission services.
Power Electronic Building Block Interconnected Network
G. Gross,* P. Krein,* D. Logue, C. Pascual
SRI International
Conceptually, power electronic building blocks (PEBBs) are smart power
electronic modules that are superior to conventional power devices in
that they have increased sensing, protection control, and interfacing
capability. This research is directed toward development of a
conceptual framework for an interconnected network of PEBB devices.
The objective is to use the framework for addressing analysis, design,
and control issues. The University of Illinois' hybrid electric
vehicle is intended to be used as a test bed for this framework and
other conceptual developments.
Effective Deployment of Financial Instruments in Competitive
Electricity Markets
G. Gross,* S. Tao
Grainger Foundation; Power Affiliates Program
Our focus is on the effective incorporation of financial instruments
(options, futures, etc) in the operation of electricity trading. We
will investigate certain design and definitional issues in the
deployment of financial derivative concepts to electricity markets. Of
particular interest is the evaluation of the risk mitigation
capabilities provided by these instruments for the trading of
electricity and their impacts on the spot markets. We will investigate
(1) the salient uniqueness of electricity derivative contracts
attributible to the physical power system, (2) the possibility of
developing new financial instruments and strategies to accommodate the
different risk preferences of various participants in the spot
electricity market, and (3) the impact of financial derivatives on
various players of the market.
Power Conversion for Plasma Panel Displays
P. T. Krein,* M. Greuel
LG Electronics, Inc.
Plasma display panels draw energy in short bursts. This project
addresses alternatives for supplying panel energy at high efficiency,
with fast dynamic response and improved control. Both resonant and
nonresonant conversion techniques are being explored for this
application.
Large-Signal Approaches for Control of Switching Power Converters
P. T. Krein,* L. Amaya, R. Muyshondt, M. Greuel
Sandia National Laboratory
Power conversion circuits are large-signal nonlinear networks
controlled exclusively through the action of switches. Several new
approaches are being developed for power converter control. One
approach explands on geometric methods, such as sliding mode control,
used successfully in other nonlinear applications. In this boundary
control approach, geometric structures in state space are used to
control the evolution of converter voltages and currents. Methods such
as boundary control offer precise, reliable converter operation with
minimum influence by unknown parameters and external noise.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems
P. T. Krein,* R. A. White* (Mech. & Indus. Engr.),
National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Xantrex Technology, Inc.
A complete hybrid electric car, combining an electric traction system
with an engine-generator set, has been built and is now under study in
the laboratory and on the highway. The car is designed to meet all
performance, safety, and convenience characteristics of standard
automobiles, while reducing exhaust emissions by as much as 90%.
Objectives are to characterize major subsystems of a practical hybrid
car in depth. Tests of efficiency and fuel economy and parametric
studies of subsystems have been conducted. A complete system
simulation has been prepared. Strategies for system operation and
control are being tested through simulation and experiments.
Nonlinear Methods for Induction Motor Control
P. T. Krein,* H. Maase,* J. Locker
Grainger Fellowship; U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research
Laboratories, DACA88-97-G001/DO 125
Field orientation is a widely used control method for ac induction
motors. It is sensitive to motor parameters and has characteristics
that limit its application to the latest motor designs. In this
project, we consider alternative nonlinear control methods based on
well-known techniques and on recent research results in the topic.
Singular perturbation and reduced order controls based on it are of
special interest. Methods are tested through analysis, detailed
simulation, and experiments.
Ripple Correlation Control for Power Converters and Motor Drives
P. T. Krein,* R. Turnbull,* J. Locker
Xantrex Technology, Inc.
Ripple correlation control is a new technique that might be unique to
power electronic systems. According to this control approach, internal
ripple signals in a power converter are correlated with gate drive
signals or other internal converter signals. The results provide
information about state variables and converter operating points. It
is known, for example, that certain correlations can be used to drive
a solar power processing converter to its maximum power point. A wide
range of applications and related techniques is being explored.
Parallel Inverters
P. T. Krein,* L. Pairitz
Danfoss, Inc.
Pulse-width-modulated inverters are experiencing growing application
for control of ac motors. Modern systems support motors at power
levels up to about 100 kW, although cost increases rapidly above 20 kW
or so. An alternative at high power levels is to use several inverters
in parallel. To make such an arrangement reliable, tight coordination
of individual inverters is necessary. The project is studying
coordination techniques. Both device-level and system-level approaches
are being examined through analysis, simulation, and experimental
tests.
Computer-aided Design for Power Electronics
P. T. Krein,* F. Najm,* L. Amaya
Semiconductor Research Corp.; Power Affiliates Program
Power supplies and other electronic circuits for energy processing are
usually designed on a case-by-case basis. In this project, a general
framework leading to a step-by-step design process, suitable for
automation, is being developed. A user would provide specifications,
then select from alternatives presented by this CAD system. The system
would establish a baseline design, then perform an optimization
procedure to refine it and meet the user's specifications. The heart
of this CAD system is a component selection algorithm that takes an
alternative circuit and establishes component values needed to
establish the baseline design.
Switched Capacitor System for Automatic Series Battery Equalization
P. T. Krein,* C. Pascual
La Caixa de Pensions Fellowship
Rechargeable batteries are used in long series strings for many
industrial applications. The recharge process is not uniform, and the
weakest battery in the string limits the performance of the set. An
equalization process is required to restore battery balance. In this
project, a clocked switched-capacitor circuit has been developed to
exchange charge between adjacent batteries in a series string. This
exchange drives all batteries to identical voltages, without regard to
component values, battery technology, or state of charge. This
equalization process can proceed while the batteries are in use or
under charge, or separately.
Analysis Methods for Real-Time Control of Dynamically Insecure Power
Systems
T. J. Overbye,* R. P. Klump
Power Affiliates Program
As power systems become more heavily loaded, system operation will be
increasingly constrained by contingent cases for which the power flow
equations have no real solution. The goal of this project is to
develop a measure to quantify the unsolvability of such cases and to
determine the optimal controls to restore the case to solvability. A
Euclidean norm is used in parameter space to measure the degree of
unsolvability. The sensitivity of this measure to different system
controls is then used to determine the best controls to restore the
case to solvability. Both the static and dynamic aspects of the
problem are considered.
Investigation of Simulation Tools for Analysis of Alternative
Paradigms for the New Electricity Business
T. J. Overbye,* J. Weber
American Public Power Assn.
This research project investigates methods for electric power system
simulation. Simulation with visualization of results can be a powerful
tool for developing an understanding of complex problems and system
interactions. By putting quality visualization tools in an interactive
learning environment, tremendous understanding and insights can be
gained. The focus of this project is to investigate the use of such
simulation packages for studying the restructuring of electric power
systems. Particular emphasis is on determining the characteristics
necessary in such a simulation package and the best environment for
implementing such a simulation.
Parallel Processing in Dynamic Simulation of Large-Scale Power Systems
M. A. Pai,* A. Kulkarni
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22547; Grainger Foundation
Parallel processing algorithms for dynamic response calculations of
large power systems have been developed. The differential-algebraic
system of equations of the power system are algebraized using the
simultaneous-implicit method. The resulting system of linear equations
at each time step are solved using the conjugate gradient method which
belongs to the family of iterative solver techniques. Use of
preconditioners such as the ILU(s) speeds up the convergence. Further
enhancement in speed-up is obtained by using the preconditioner only
when the number of iterations increase. The general minimal residual
(GMRES) method suitable for matrices that are unsymmetric and not
positive definite was found to be more robust than other iterative
solver algorithms.
Dynamic Sensitivity Functions for Security Analysis in Power Systems
M. A. Pai,* M. Laufenberg
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22547; Grainger Foundation
In this research, we compute trajectory sensitivities of the post-
fault system with respect to prefault loading conditions and for a
given set of contingencies. From this we compute whether the system is
stressed and, if so, identify the critical machines. Thus we develop
an alternative to the transient energy function (TEF) method. Results
on a 17-machine IEEE test system as well as systems described by
differential-algebraic equations have been obtained. In view of the
fast computing power available these days, sensitivity theory offers
an alternative to existing techniques for security assessment and
preventive control.
Trajectory Sensitivites of Differential-Algebraic Discrete Systems
M. A. Pai,* I. Hiskens (Univ. of New Castle, Australia)
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22547; Grainger Foundation
In this study, the previous work on trajectory sensitivities for the
differential equations of the post-fault system only has been extended
to include the faulted systems as well. Also, the algebraic
constraints in the form of network equations and discrete event
operations such as tap-changers and relay operations are included.
Applications to dynamic available transfer capacity as well as dynamic
security assessment calculations are proposed.
Hopf Bifurcation Analysis with FACTS Devices
M. A. Pai,* M. Laufenberg
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22547; Grainger Foundation
In this research, we expand upon the MATLAB-based small-signal
analysis formulation developed at the University of Illinois to
include FACTS devices such as the static var compensator (SVC) and
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). In particular, we
focused on controlling Hopf bifurcation through proper placement of
these devices. Auxiliary controllers are used when necessary to
improve system damping. This work is now completed.
Two Time-Scale Simulation of Power Systems
M. A. Pai,* E. Khutoryansky
National Science Foundation, ECS 91-19428 (REU)
We used the asymptotic expansion theory for the "inner" and
"outer" solutions of a singularly perturbed two time-scale
system to systematically integrate the fast and slow subsystems in
their respective time scales thus removing the "stiffness"
of the original system. This is an alternative to using the integral
manifold theory. The two approaches are compared in terms of their
computational speed and convenience for simulation using the example
of a synchronous machine subjected to a disturbance. We plan to expand
the methodology to systems with higher order dynamics.
Robust Stability in Power Systems
M. A. Pai,* C. D. Vournas (National Technical Univ., Greece)
National Science Foundation, ECS 93-19352
We used interval matrix theory to see if the linearized model of a
power system is Hurwitz stable with respect to variations of the
elements of the matrix in a given interval. The initial application
has been with respect to power system stabilizer (PSS) parameter
variation, which can be expressed in a matrix polytope form. Using
interval matrix theory, we can plot the stability region in the
parameter space with respect to uncertainties in the parameters.
Multimachine application is now being done with loads being taken as
perturbations.
Techniques for Power System Simulation
M. A. Pai,* P. W. Sauer,* I. Hossain
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22547
In this research, we looked into different methods of dynamic
simulation of power systems. A commercial program package used
commonly in the industry was implemented and made user-friendly for
in-house use.
Small-Signal Stability of Electric Power Systems
M. A. PaiD. P. Sen Gupta* and K. R. Padiyar* (Indian Inst. of Science,
Bangalore)
National Science Foundation, INT 93-02565
The purpose of this project under the Indo-U.S. Science Cooperative
Program is to collaborate in the area of small-signal analysis of
large-scale power systems. Specifically, the topics to be addressed
are the design of power system stabilizers, investigation of torsional
oscillations, and computation of selected eigenvalues of the system.
The goal of the project is to produce a research monograph in this
area useful to the power engineering community. A preliminary set of
lecture notes has been developed. Also, some collaborative research
work in the area of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
controllers for system damping is being pursued. A preliminary draft
of the monograph has been completed and will be made available to
researchers in India and the USA.
Robust Stability of Power Systems Using Kharitonov's Theorem
M. A. Pai,* E. Khutoryansky
National Science Foundation, ECS 93-19352
There is rich literature in control theory regarding Kharitonov's
theorem and its extensions for robust stability. We used it for power
systems where load variations are considered as uncertainties. In
particular we focused on matrix equivalents of Kharitonov's theorem
where parameters appear explicitly. In this context, the edge theorem
is considered applicable provided the parameters appear in a well-
posed manner. This is found to be true where the power system
stabilizer parameters are considered as variations. Regions of
stability are obtained directly both for Hurwitz and D-stability. This
research has been completed.
Model Reduction in Power Systems
M. A. Pai,* D. Chaniotis
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-22547; Grainger Foundation
In this research, we plan to investigate the Krylov projection methods
for model reduction of differential algebraic systems and apply them
for power system problems. Also, we plan to look at the use of
trajectory sensitivities as a basis for grouping coherent generators,
thus taking into account the nonlinear nature of the equations. The
curent techniques are all based on linerized models.
Available Transfer Capability of Power Systems
P. W. Sauer,* T. J. Overbye,* M. A. Pai, G. Gross
National Science Foundation, EEC 96-15792
This project examines new approaches to the rapid computation of
available transfer capability in electric power systems. It focuses on
efficient techniques to simultaneously include thermal, voltage,
voltage collapse, and transient stability margin constraints. New
approaches to quantify the transmission reliability margin and
capacity benefit margin are investigated.
Technical Challenges of Restructuring the Electric Power Industry
P. W. Sauer,* T. J. Overbye,* G. Gross*
Electric Power Research Institute through Cornell University
This project is investigating the technical issues associated with the
deregulation of the electric utility industry and the resulting
competitive market places. The initial focus is on evaluating various
"rules of the road" which are being proposed nationwide.
Pricing and Costing of Ancillary Services of Power Systems
P. W. Sauer,* T. J. Overbye*
Power System Engineering Research Center through Cornell University
This project is investigating ways to evaluate the cost and reasonable
price for the "nonenergy" services associated with the
supply of electricity. The initial focus is on the service of voltage
control and reactive power.
Solar Electric Vehicle
R. A. White* (Mech. & Indus. Engr.), P. T. Krein,*
University of Illinois; U.S. Department of Energy; various industrial
sponsors
A solar electrical car is was designed and constructed by students to
compete in a cross-country solar car race (SunRayce 1997) held in June
1997. Mechanical engineering considerations include the minimization
of drag coefficient, rolling resistance, and weight. Electrical
engineering considerations include optimizing the amount of power
transferred from a solar array to storage batteries and maximizing the
efficiency of the drive motor and the inverter that supplies its
energy. All this must be done while producing an operating vehicle
that conforms to the rules of the competition. This project involves
approximately 100 students. The car will be imporved to run in the
1999 race.
Futurecar Challenge
R. A. White* (Mech. & Indust. Engr.), P. T. Krein,*
University of Illinois; U.S. Dept. of Energy, various industrial
sponsors
A mid-sized car is being converted to a hybrid gasoline-electric
vehicle to try and meet the goals of the "Partnership for a New
Generation of Vehicles." These goals are a mid-sized car that
gets three times the mileage of present vehicles with performance,
space, comfort, and driving ease comparable to today's vehicles. The
car will be entered in a competition with 13 other engineering schools
to see who has come closest to the goals. The contest will be held in
June 1998 and again in June 1999. This project involves a large number
of students.
Picosecond Digital Electronics
H. Merkelo,* H-J. Liaw
AMP-PICO
This area of research is designed to focus on the practical limiting
speed of switching devices intended for ultrahigh-speed digital
applications. Emphasis is on the need to demonstrate the generation of
logic at very high rates with integrated electronic, optoelectronic,
and optical devices which in principle are capable of achieving or
exceeding 100 Gbit/sec switching rates. Methods for generation,
propagation, and processing of signals characterized by time constants
ranging from 10 picoseconds to 10 femtoseconds are studied as new
materials and new techniques are developed.
Propagation Modeling of Ultrashort Digital Signals
H. Merkelo,* T. Hochberg, H-J. Liaw
AMP-FIELDS
Ultrashort signals such as in ultrahigh-speed digital logic are
characterized by a very rich frequency content. In the design of
future systems, accurate representation of the propagation of such
signals and the interaction of such signals with devices must be
carried out in great detail. Channel and device characterization is
formulated for numerical analysis approaches. Corresponding algorithms
are tested for computer-aided design implementation.
Ultrahigh-Speed Digital Networks of High Complexity
H. Merkelo,* H-J. Liaw, T. Hochberg
AMP-DIGI
Development of analytical tools aimed at characterizing the
performance of digital devices when operated at ultrahigh rates is the
focus of this project. The use of high-precision characterization of
transmission channels and active devices is emphasized throughout. The
applicability of modeling procedures to accurate signal management
analysis in ultrahigh-speed digital networks of high complexity is
stressed in this effort.
Characterization of Ultrahigh-Speed Digital Devices and
Interconnections
H. Merkelo,* T. Hochberg, H-J. Liaw
Hybricon Inc.
A program for developing computer-aided tools for high-precision
electronic and electromagnetic characterization of devices and
interconnections intended for operation at high- and ultrahigh digital
rates is in place in our laboratory. The goals are modeling
interconnected digital devices and characterizing the interconnecting
channels for their performance and manufacturability. Numerical
methods are used extensively for characterizing semiconductors,
conventional conductors, and modern superconductors. Extensive use is
made of computer simulation capable of taking into account principal
as well as high-order effects of signal degradation. Tools based on
picosecond instrumentation and high-frequency network analysis are
implemented for validation of all work.
Holographic Velocimetry
R. J. Adrian* (Theoret. & Appl. Mech.), G. Papen,
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-90-J-1415; U.S. Department of
Energy, DE-FG05-87ER75508; Argonne National Laboratory, ANL 828-62403
One of the goals of experimental fluid flow is to verify large
computational models. This requires the remote measurement of the 3-D
velocity vector within a flow. This project uses twin frequency-
doubled YAG lasers to record two holograms of the fluid flow at two
instants in time. The complete velocity field is then reconstructed by
performing 3-D correlations of tracer particles within single volume
elements (typically 1 mm3).
Testing of Parallel Optical Fiber Links
G. C. Papen
National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166
Advanced optical interconnections based on parallel space division
multiplexing using a fiber ribbon or wavelength division multiplexing
using multiple wavelengths within a single fiber require new
techniques to measure and model performance. These techniques are
being developed because the aggregate data rates through these
parallel spaces exceed 15 Gbits/s. We are currently developing testing
methodologies and equipment to test and model the performance of these
high-speed data links.
Advanced Solid-State Lidar for the Scott-Admundsen South Pole Station
G. C. Papen,* C. S. Gardner*
National Science Foundation, OPP 92-19898 DPP
Current models of ozone depletion over the Antarctic predict that some
of the major chemical mechanisms occur on the surface of polar
stratospheric clouds (PSCs). In addition, the energy-coupling
mechanisms from the lower to the upper atmosphere over the Antarctic
are not well understood. We are currently deploying an advanced lidar
system at the South Pole that is capable of measuring characteristics
of the morphology of the PSCs and also to measure upper atmospheric
wave activity using Na as a tracer.
Basic Research on Low-Frequency, High-Energy Atmospheric Acoustics
G. W. Swenson, Jr.,* S. J. Franke, J. Benson, R. Frazin
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, DACA88-95-C-
0010
This program is concerned with the propagation of sound waves in the
atmosphere, diffraction by obstacles, and imaging of acoustical
"scenes" through the inhomogeneous atmosphere.
Automated Animal Activity Monitoring for Impact Assessment
G. W. Swenson, Jr.,* W. W. Cochran, D. Goltz, J. Goldman
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, DACA88-96-Q-
0177
The program is concerned with the development of advanced radio
tracking and monitoring techniques for endangered species of animals
and birds.
Pseudo-Wind Noise Immune Blast Noise Monitor
G. W. Swenson, Jr.,* L. Lendrum, J. Benson
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, DACA88-96-Q-
0217
This program is concerned with the development of a monitoring system
for low-frequency environmental noise, which has superior immunity to
false indications produced by wind interacting with the microphone.
Semiconductor Laser Transmitters for Integrated Optical Interconnects
J. J. Coleman*
National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166
This program involves development of semiconductor lasers suitable for
use in integrated optoelectronics. There are a number of key technical
issues to be addressed in this program, including the development of
etched facet structures, distributed feedback and distributed Bragg
reflector grating structures, monolithic space division multiplexing
arrays designed for fiber coupling, selective epitaxy for wavelength
division multiplexing arrays and for multielement integration, master
oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) configurations, frequency
stabilization, and distributed Bragg pulse shaper high-speed parallel-
to-serial packet encoders.
Semiconductor Nanostructures Fabricated by Selective-Area MOCVD
S. G. Bishop,* J. J. Coleman*
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
We are investigating the growth and characterization of InGaAs-GaAs-
AlGaAs nanostructures fabricated by selective-area metalorganic
chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on GaAs substrates. Selective-area
epitaxy utilizes growth inhibition by a silicon dioxide mask to
enhance the growth rate in selected regions of a wafer. On a
nanoscale, the growth rate difference between the (100) and (111)
planes can be used to achieve reduction in the lateral dimension of
the epitaxially grown material. Using this reduction, quantum wire
dimensions can be achieved. The scientific objective of this program
is to extend the technology of selective-area epitaxy by MOCVD to
nanoscale structures and to provide optical characterization of the
structures to understand their microscopic nature.
Bulk Single-Crystal Ternary III-V Optoelectronic Materials Program
J. J. Coleman*
EG&G Optoelectronics-Judson
The main goal of this program is to determine the feasibility of using
ternary InGaAs substrates in the fabrication of optoelectronic
devices, specifically semiconductor lasers. Initially, our efforts
will focus on investigating the equality of deposited material on
different compositions of InGaAs substrates. After epitaxial layers
are characterized on these substrates, aluminum-free separate
confinement laser structures (l ~ 1-1.3 m) will be fabricated and
tested.
Development of Advanced Laser Diode Sources for Remote-sensing
Applications
J. J. Coleman,* G. C. Papen*
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG 1-1861
There are several outstanding technical issues for narrowband systems,
such as water vapor DIAL lidars, that must be resolved before solid-
state laser-based remote-sensing systems have wide spread use. One
issue is the development of cw local oscillators (LOs) based on
semiconductor laser diode technology for use as injection seeders,
which has not been fully realized because of the severe linewidth,
tunability, and stability requirements of narrowband systems. This
project will develop novel semiconductor devices specifically for use
as tunable LO sources for narrowband water vapor DIAL systems
operating in the 940 nm region. We will focus on a novel ridge-
waveguide, distributed-Bragg-reflector laser which we believe has
significant performance improvements for optical remote-sensing
applications relative to conventional Fabry-Perot or distributed-
feedback lasers.
Heterojunctions, Transport, Ion Implantation, and Defects in III-V
Semiconductors
K. Hess,* F. Register, B. Klein, F. Oyafuso
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-89-J-1470
A simulation tool for quantum-well laser diodes is developed.
Particular emphasis is on electronic transport around and capture into
the quantum wells. We also include the heating of quantum-well
electrons and spectral as well as special hole burning. The resulting
simulation tool (MINILASE II) covers, therefore, all known nonlinear
gain effects. Currently we are generalizing MINILASE II to simulate
vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers. Work on quantum-dot and
quantum-wire lasers is also planned.
High Field Transport of Free Carriers at Interfaces
K. Hess,* F. Register, A. O. Haggag
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAL03-86-K-0099
In this research we are studying the ultimate limitations of
electronic transport in silicon and III-V compounds including
superlattices and the corresponding potential for new devices, as well
as the advantages of including heterolayers in conventional devices.
The theoretical approach includes Monte Carlo simulations and explicit
solutions of the Boltzmann equation. We are also developing a new
algorithm to solve problems of quantum transport in the presence of
dissipation. Currently we apply our methods to the newly found
phenomenon of reduced hot electron degradation in devices based on the
deuterium isotope effect.
Limits of Scalability and Reliability of Semiconductor Devices--A Road
toward Mesoscopic Effects
K. Hess,* U. Ravaioli,* M. Balasubramanian,
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
Our goal is to explore, starting from the analysis of problems in
single devices, the influence that quantum phenomena and hot electron
effects have on circuit level reliability models, with a focus on
issues of scalability and reliability. We take a viewpoint of
unification and investigate those mechanisms of electronic transport
in conventional devices (such as MOS transistors) that occur for the
smallest feature sizes and directly relate to mesoscopic transport
effects that are characteristic for nanometer semiconductor
structures. Approaching mesoscopic nanostructure effects from
"above" (from the MOS-technology point of view) and
conventional scaled silicon devices from "below" (from the
mesoscopic systems viewpoint) is the central theme of this project.
Electronic and Transport Properties of Ultralow-dimensional
Semiconductor Structures
J.-P. Leburton,* I. Adesida,* V. Y. Thean, M. Arafa
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
Ultralow-dimensional structures, such as quantum wires or quantum dots
characterized by transverse dimensions below 100 nm, may constitute
the next generation of very sophisticated semiconductor devices. This
research aims to investigate the potential of these artificial systems
for VLSI and high-speed applications. This effort involves the
fabrication and characterization of low-dimensional structures, as
well as basic studies and modeling of their electronic and transport
properties.
Self-Consistent Transport Simulation in Quantum Structures
J.-P. Leburton,* S. Nagaraja, S. Naran
U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-95-1-0190
This research is theoretical in nature and addresses major transport
issues in quantum wires. New phonon resonant effects which indicate
superior transport performances in 1-D field effect transistor
structures compared to conventional 2-D devices are investigated.
Exotic effects such as low-temperature velocity oscillations and
nonequilibrium anomalies in the carrier distribution function
determined by optic phonon scattering are also studied.
Optically Pumped Semiconductor-based Intersubband Laser
A. Sa'ar,* J.-P. Leburton*
United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, 95-00361
Conception, design, and implementation of an optically pumped,
intersubband coupled, quantum-well laser that operates at mid-infrared
wavelengths are investigated. This laser shows great promise for
becoming a key electronic component in long wavelength
telecommunication with potential for applications in molecular
infrared spectroscopy, remote sensing, space research, and many other
fields. This collaboration is an integrated experimental and
theoretical approach to investigate the carrier relaxation channels
between subbands in the laser structure.
Simulation of Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices
J.-P. Leburton,* A. Korshak*
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-09751
This is collaborative research between the Institute of Semiconductor
Physics at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the University of
Illinois on the electronic and transport properties of 2-D ensembles
of quantum dots for potential applications in sophisticated forms of
highly functional electronic devices. Various transport schemes in 2-D
configurations of quantum dots or quantum antidots which could lead to
novel nonlinear electrical characteristics are investigated.
Full-Band Monte Carlo Models for Advanced Transport Simulation in
Silicon
K. Hess,* U. Ravaioli,* A. Duncan, A. Kepkep, T. Singh,
Semiconductor Research Corp.
The goal of this research is to develop full-band Monte Carlo
simulation software for the analysis of hot-electron effects in
advanced integrated silicon devices. Besides being used for self-
consistent device simulation, the Monte Carlo software will provide
calibration for faster simulation tools designed for the solution of
the Boltzmann equation in the spherical harmonics expansion
approximation or in the scattering matrix formalism. This aspect of
the project involves a collaboration with the University of Maryland
and Purdue University. For this research, new approaches of technology
transfer mechanisms based on the use of distributed
computation/visualization on the World Wide Web are being developed.
Standard Monte Carlo Device Simulation Platform for Industry
K. Hess,* U. Ravaioli,* A. Duncan, A. Kepkep, T. Singh,
Semiconductor Research Corp.
In order to make full-band Monte Carlo a practical investigation tool,
it is important to identify a hierarchy of models with increasing
complexity, so that the most convenient physical formulation can be
applied to the problem at hand. This research addresses a
comprehensive array of goals to achieve a standardization of the full-
band Monte Carlo. The effect of grid refinement strategies in momentum
space will be investigated, and alternative approaches to optimize the
calculation of momentum trajectories will be compared. Approaches to
variance reduction that improve the inherent noise of Monte Carlo
simulation are also developed, and hybrid methods involving
evolutionary algorithms are investigated.
Numerical Approaches for Semiconductor Nanotechnology
T. Kerkhoven,* J.-P. Leburton,* U. Ravaioli,* F. Bodine,
National Science Foundation, ECS 95-09751
This research focuses on the development of numerical simulation
approaches suitable for the analysis and design of nanostructures. The
investigations will address quantum wire and quantum dot structures,
with the goal of developing comprehensive physical and numerical
models that can explain the results of measurements on experimental
nanostructures in a wide range of temperatures. The work will also
consider new structures based on modification of existing silicon
technology scales into the nanometer range. A major effort will be in
the area of 3-D models, to extend previous work to even more realistic
situations, and improve the ability to treat extremely large numerical
problems efficiently.
Photoluminescence Studies of Semiconductor Materials,
Heterostructures, and Processing for Optoelectronic Devices
S. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida,* D. J. Brady,* J. J. Coleman,*
NSF Center for Compound Semiconductor Microelectronics
This research program applies photoluminescence (PL),
photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, time-resolved PL and PL
imaging to the characterization of defects and impurities in bulk and
epitaxial semiconductor materials; the composition, doping, thickness,
interfaces, and uniformity of layered semiconductor heterostructures;
rare earth-doped semiconducting glasses; and the effects of patterning
and fabrication processing steps on the electronic and optical
properties of photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Center for Optoelectronics Science and Technology (COST)
S. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida, D. Brady, J. J. Coleman, M. Feng, N.
Holonyak, Jr., S. M. Kang, G. C. Papen, G. E. Stillman
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA 972-94-1-0004
The Center for Optoelectronics Science and Technology (COST) comprises
a consortium of engineering faculty from UIUC, University of Michigan,
and University of Texas. The COST research program includes:
optoelectronic (OE) systems integration; OE software tools; optimal
specifications of OE devices; OE systems testbeds; materials issues
for OEIC packaging; integrable, reliable, temperature-invariant and
tunable lasers; multiwavelength lasers and arrays for WDM; processing
for laser fabrication; ultrashort pulse lasers; high-speed optical
pulse shapers; hybrid receivers for 1550 nm; GaAs MSM/MESFET OEIC
receivers (single and multichannel arrays); SiGe/Si receivers; and
InGaAs/InP HBT-based OEIC receivers.
Stable Wavelength Strained Quantum Wire Lasers
K. Y. Cheng,* Y. C. Chang,* D. E. Wohlert
National Science Foundation, ECS 9617153
The goals of this research are to develop technologies in the fields
of epitaxial growth of strained quantum wire (QWR) structures by
molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), multiaxial strain engineering, and
computer modeling of low-dimensional strained structures based on
efficient band-structure models to make possible the fabrication of
wavelength stable semiconductor lasers for optical fiber communication
and information applications. Specifically, we will fabricate
wavelength stable 1.55 m GaxIn1-xAs/InP lasers which employ strained
QWR active regions formed in situ by the strain-induced lateral-layer
ordering (SILO) process during MBE growth.
GaAs-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures
K. Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh*
Bell Laboratories; Lucent Technologies
The goal of this research program is to develop oxide deposition
techniques for the fabrication of GaAs-based metal-oxide-semiconductor
field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Various oxides inlcuding SiO2,
Al2O3, Ga2O3, and Gd3Ga5O12 are deposited on GaAs in an ultrahigh
vacuum system at Bell Laboratories to form MOS structures. We will
characterize their structural, optical, and chemical properties
through transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence
spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy, respectively, to
improve the oxide deposition process.
In Situ Processing and Regrowth of InGaAsP/InP Optoelectronic Devices
K. Y. Cheng,* G. E. Stillman,* G. Pickrell, H. C. Kuo
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
The goal of this proposed research is to develop key technologies in
areas of ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) compatible surface etching, in situ
surface cleaning, and molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) regrowth of
InGaAsP compounds. A UHV compatible etching technique will be used to
minimize process-induced damage on patterned GaInAsP surfaces. In situ
surface cleaning will be used immediately before MBE crystal
overgrowth inside the growth chamber so as to enhance the quality of
the overgrowth interface. The performance of the traditional devices
can be greatly enhanced and nanostructure devices with ideal
performance can be realized.
CAD Design Tools for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication
Microsystems
C. Liu,* M. Feng, S. Kang, E. Michielssen, J. Schutt-Ainé
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Composite-CAD Program,
F30602-97-0328
A mixed technology computer-aided design system is being developed for
cost-effectively designing wireless communication modules that will
ultimately enable networked distributed MEMS. The module, operating at
millimeter wave frequencies, will allow direct interface between MEMS
transducers and the free-space electromagnetic radiation. MEMS
components offer unique advantages for RF circuits. As an example,
micromechanical switches exhibit lower insertion loss and higher
isolation compared with conventional electronics switching components.
MEMS fabrication technology for silicon as well as composed
semiconductor materials are being studied, in order to realize
mechanical RF switches as well as high-gain antennas to validate
results of the E-M simulation.
OEIC Development Based on InGaAs(P)/InP Material System
G. E. Stillman,* S. Thomas, D. Ahmari, J. Miller,
DARPA Center for Optoelectronics Science and Technology
This project entails the growth and material characterization of high-
quality InGaAs(P) layers latticed matched to InP for the development
of HBTs and PINs using the CBE growth techniques. Initial work will
concentrate on the development of HBTs with a C-doped base using CBr4.
Carbon is the preferred dopant for the development of high-reliability
HBTs because of its low diffusivity. PIN detectors will be integrated
in order to develop OEICs for 1.3 and 1.55 m fiberoptic communication
networks.
100-GHz InGaP/GaAs HBT ADC Technology
G. E. Stillman,* M. Feng,* D. Ahmari, Q. J. Hartmann,
University of Illinois
The goal of this project is the realization of high-speed circuits
based on 100-GHz InGaP/GaAs:C heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)
technology. The material will be grown by LP-MOCVD. Device structures
implementing thin collector widths and graded base designs will be
used to reach the 100-GHz goal. Self-aligned collector and base etches
will also be used to minimize parasitic effects. A device model will
be developed for designing and demonstrating high-speed A/D circuit
components.
Materials Research for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Employing III-V Compound Semiconductor Native Oxide Layers
G. E. Stillman,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* A. P. Curtis
National Science Foundation, DMR-9612283; University of Texas-Austin
The primary thrust of this program is the growth and characterization
of heteroepitaxial materials employing native oxide layers. A variety
of optoelectronic structures are being grown by MOCVD including
AlGaAs/GaAs, InAlP/GaAs, and InAlP/InGaP double heterostructures.
Currently under investigation are the minority carrier lifetime in the
active regions, the interface recombination velocity between the
active and oxide regions, and the effect of various oxidation
conditions upon interface abruptness and impurity distributions. The
results of this research will enable further advances in VCSEL
(laser), field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and other technologies
utilizing native oxide layers.
Development of Low-Resistance Contacts for InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction
Bipolar Transistors
G. E. Stillman,* S. Thomas, D. Ahmari, H.-C. Kuo,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, ASSERT, DAAH04-95-1-0352
Research under this project involves the investigation into
alternative contacting structures for InGaP/GaAs HBTs. Currently,
latticed-mismatched InGaAs layers are used to form low-resistance
contacts to InGaP/GaAs HBTs. These contacts, however, have shown
reliability problems from the strain induced by the lattice-mismatch.
N+-GaAs and N+-InGaP grown using the CBE growth technique and SiBr4 as
the n-type dopant source will be investigated as an alternative to
InGaAs. Subsequently, the effect ofthe new contacting layers on device
performance will be evaluated.
Integration of Heavily Si-doped InP Contacting Layers for InP/InGaAs
HBTs
G. E. Stillman,* D. Ahmari, S. Thomas, H.-C. Kuo,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AASERT, DAAH04-96-1-0217
This program is aimed at developing InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar
transistors that utilize heavily doped InP layers as low-resistance
contacting layers. InP has improved thermal conductivity over InGaAs,
the material used currently for HBT contacting layers. Under this
project, a fully self-aligned, high-frequency fabrication process will
be developed. High-frequency electrical characterization will be used
to evaluate the effect of InP contacting layers on device performance.
InP/InGaAs BiFET ADC Technology Development
G. E. Stillman,* M. Feng,* S. Thomas, H. C. Kuo,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97-C-8618
The goal of this project is the development of InP/InGaAs material
grown by MOMBE for both HFET and HBT device applications. C doping is
investigated for HBT applications while strained layer growth of InGaP
is investigated for HFET applications. The merging of the two devices
on a single epitaxial structure will allow for the development of low-
power, high-speed A/D circuits.
Luminescence and Laser Studies in III-V Semiconductors
N. Holonyak, Jr.,* P. Evans, J. Wierer, D. Kellogg
National Science Foundation, ECS 82-00517
Heterojunctions in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs and related materials are being
examined. Quantum size effects have been observed and have led to
single and multiple active layer quantum-well diode light emitters and
lasers. Stimulated emission, absorption, disorder, alloy clustering,
carrier scattering, phonon processes, tunneling effects, and impurity
diffusion in these structures are being studied. Impurity-induced
disordering and Al-bearing native oxides are being studied and used to
form stripe-geometry lasers and more complicated array structures.
Quantum well lasers have been operated in an external grating cavity
in an extended wavelength range. Newer forms of quantum-well lasers
have been realized, including native-oxide-defined lasers and
waveguides.
Quantum-Well Heterostructures
N. Holonyak, Jr.,* P. Evans, J. Wierer, D. Kellogg
National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20538
The fundamental properties of III-V heterostructures grown by vapor
phase epitaxy are being studied. On quantum-well MOCVD AlGaAs-GaAs
heterostructures, laser operation 400 meV above Eg(GaAs) has been
observed, the first cw 300 K laser operation has been achieved, laser
operation on phonon-sidebands below the confined-particle states has
been observed, and alloy disorder and clustering in quantum-well
heterostructures have been identified. Impurity-induced disordering of
quantum-well heterostructures and Al-bearing native oxides, e.g., the
native oxide of AlxGa1-xAs formed at 400° to 500°C with H2O
+ N2, are being examined via TEM and photoluminescence studies. This
project is the first (1977) to realize p-n quantum-well lasers and to
"coin" the name "QW lasers."
nano-Threads
C. Polychronopoulos,* D. Schouten, J. Moreira, H. Saito
U.S. Office of Naval Research, ONR 3332761-01
This project involves the design and prototyping of a novel threads
architecture for parallel computers. nano-Threads provides the ability
to form and schedule parallel activities of a user program within the
address space of that program. No system interaction is necessary for
user-level entities. The effect of this approach is significant
reduction in run-time overhead and improved performance through the
exploitation of hierarchical parallelism. Other major features of
nano-Threads include adaptive thread-granularity, scalable binaries,
and harmonious integration of multiprogramming and parallel
processing.
Parafrase-2
C. Polychronopoulos,* N. Stavrakos, H. Saito
National Science Foundation, CCR 89-57310; Intel Corp.
This project involves the development of a powerful multilingual
parallelizing compiler that supports user-level threads. Parafrase-2
has been operational for several years and in use at more than 60
sites worldwide. This is an ongoing project involving the design and
implementation of new program optimization and restructuring
techniques. The major current implementation focus is on symbolic
program and dependence analysis. Initial results suggest that the
effectiveness of parallelization through symbolic analysis can be
improved in a dramatic way. A sophisticated graphical user interface
for the compiler is also under development.
Symbolic Analysis for Parallelizing Compilers
C. Polychronopoulos,* M. Haghighat
National Science Foundation, CCR 89-57310
The effectiveness of high-performance compilers derives from their
ability to exploit the available parallelism in programs. The
exploitation of parallelism requires elegant techniques for discovery
of certain program properties. In particular, the dependence
information has a key role in detection of parallelism. We are
building a very precise flow analysis framework for the Parafrase-2
compiler. Within this framework, symbolic analysis solves a variety of
flow analysis problems in a unified way. The attained solution space
of these problems is much larger than that handled by existing
compilers. Symbolic analysis also serves as a basis for code
optimization and parallel loop scheduling.
Architectures for Autoscheduling Environments
C. Polychronopoulos,* J. E. Moreira
National Science Foundation, CCR 89-57310; U.S. Office of Naval
Research, 3332761-01
The goal of this project is to develop low-level algorithms and
hardware for efficiently supporting parallel task scheduling and
synchronization in multiprocessors. Efficient parallel task management
is crucial to the exploitation of large amounts of parallelism in
future high-performance machines, future parallelizing compilers and
run-time libraries will assume more of the responsibility for parallel
task management within concurrent programs, and that they will promote
the use of high-level data flow concepts. We have proposed a processor
architecture with hardware support for macro-dataflow-style execution
of independent instruction. Currently, work focuses on the performance
aspects of this architecture and the design of a specialized network.
Multiprogrammed Multiprocessor Scheduling
C. Polychronopoulos,* G. Dimitriou
National Science Foundation, CCR 89-57310
This project considers the scheduling problem for multiprogrammed
multiprocessor systems. It involves the design and evaluation of fair
scheduling methods for multiprogramming on a multiprocessor system.
The problem is complex, and there are conflicting goals. If an
emphasis is placed on system throughput, the scheduling policies are
quite different from the emphasis being placed on individual job
turnaround time. The goal is to provide a flexible scheduling
methodology that is both fair and efficient that can be tuned for a
specific emphasis. A number of algorithms have already been developed
and simulated. All cases focus on integrating parallel processing and
multiprogramming, and our initial results appear to be very
encouraging.
Electromagnetic Railgun Hydrogen-Pellet Accelerator for Magnetic
Fusion Reactor Refueling
K. Kim,* M. W. Tompkins, M. Anderson, Q. Feng
U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-84ER52111
Feasibility of an electromagnetic railgun as a high-velocity (~10
km/s) hydrogen pellet injector for refueling magnetic fusion reactors
is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A variety of
advanced railgun configurations are considered, especially those which
rely on magnetic propulsion of the pellet by a plasma-arc armature and
which do not require a fuse to effect the system operation. The
principal diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical
spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A CAMAC system is
employed for data acquisition and processing. Using the present
acceleration scheme a solid hydrogen pellet velocity in the range of
3.3 km/s has been demonstrated.
A Novel Method for Preparing Thin Films and Nanoparticles by Using
Charged Liquid Cluster Beams of Liquid-Mix Precursors
K. Kim,* M. J. Cich, Q. Feng
University of Illinois
A novel scheme using field-injection electrohydrodynamic spraying of
liquid-mix precursors is investigated for development of a method for
fabricating thin films of metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and
insulators. The same technique is also suitable for fabricating
nanoparticles from a variety of liquid precursors. Unique aspects of
this new technique are that it is inherently capable of producing a
uniform, charged fine spray of liquid precursors of controlled size,
chemical composition, and stoichiometry, and that the energy of the
spray can be controlled, allowing for fabrication of high-quality
films and uniform nanoparticles.
Feasibility Study of Coating Techniques for Microobjects Levitated by
Acoustic and Other Force Fields
K. Kim,* Q. Feng, M. J. Cich
University of Illinois
This work is intended to develop techniques that are most suitable for
noncontact coating of microparticles. The work involves developing two
different techniques: one that can stably levitate a microsphere a few
hundred microns to a few milimeters in diameter and the other that can
produce uniform coating on a levitated small object. The levitation
schemes include acoustic and gas dynamic methods. The coating
technique being investigated is known as the charged liquid-cluster
beam technique in which a liquid precursor is sprayed into charged
nanodrops which in turn are directed toward the levitated object.
Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based Materials and
Application to Elecronic and Optical Devices by Plasma-assisted
Ionized Source Beam Epitaxy
K. Kim,* O. V. Gluschenkov, J. M. Myoung
University of Illinois
The objective of this work is to grow device-quality GaN-based films
for fabrication of short-wavelength optical devices and high-speed,
high-power electronic devices. The growth technique used is the
plasma-assisted ionized source beam epitaxy that employs an atomic
nitrogen beam from an rf-discharge nitrogen plasma and a partially
ionized Ga source beam. The growth system is one designed and
fabricated at the University of Illinois, and the nitrogen plasma
source is uniquely capable of producing contamination-free plasmas.
The films are characterized using a variety of microanalysis
techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, and TEM.
Coating of Plasma Display Panel Components Using the Charged Liquid
Cluster Beam Technique
K. Kim,* H. Tang, Q. Feng, M. Cich, S. H. Rhee
LG Electronics, Inc.
This work focuses on extensive utilization of the CLCB technique
developed by Kim's research group for deposition of films needed for
the manufacture and development of high-performance PDPs. In
particular, the work makes use of the unique capabilities of the CLCB
technique to produce high-quality films of controlled chemical
compositions and stoichiometries that are needed for various key PDP
components, including phosphor, metallic, and insulating films. These
films are characterized and evaluated using the microanalysis
facilities at the university.
UHV-STM Nanofabrication and Studies of Hydrogen and Deuterium
Desorption from Silicon Surfaces
J. W. Lyding,* E. T. Foley, G. C. Abeln, M. C. Hersam
U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-92-J-1519
UHV STM nanofabrication schemes are being used to create metallic and
molecular electronic nanostructures on silicon surfaces. Selective
area chemical vapor deposition methods are being used in conjunction
with high-temperature UHV STM to fabricate metallic nanostructures.
STM patterned templates are being used as molecular self-assembly
zones to explore new venues for molecular electronics. A cryogenic UHV
STM is also being use to explore the fundamental issues of hydrogen
and deuterium desorption from silicon surfaces. This parallels the
study of deuterium passivation to prolong CMOS transistor lifetimes.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
J. W. Lyding*
NSF Center for Compound Semiconductor Microelectronics
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been developed to image
the heterointerfaces of ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) cleaved III-V compound
semiconductor structures that are grown for electronic and
optoelectronic device applications. Atomic resolution images of
various III-V systems have provided direct views of interface
roughness, alloy distribution, two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG)
formation, and the penetration of the electron wavefunction into
barrier layers. This information is being used as input to the crystal
growth and device fabrication processes in collaboration with
industrial colleagues.
Atomic Scale Lithography
J. W. Lyding,* Z. Dai
Texas Instruments, Inc.
Funds have been provided to construct two ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)
scanning tunneling microscope (STM) systems for purposes of performing
university/industry collaborative nanofabrication experiments. One of
these systems has been transferred to Texas Instruments as part of
this collaboration. Nanoscale selective chemistry and metallization
experiments are being conducted with these systems as well as cross-
sectional STM experiments on Texas Instruments heterolayer device
structures.
Cross-sectional STM of Silicon-based Heterostructures
J. W. Lyding,* M. Tao
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Texas Instruments QMOS
Program
Silicon-based heterostructures under consideration for novel device
applications are being evaluated at the atomic level by means of
cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Cleaving
techniques developed specifically for these systems enable atomic
resolution experiments to be performed across the heterointerfaces.
Measurements of interface roughness and changes in electronic
properties that feed directly into the device design and fabrication
effort at Texas Instruments are the goals of this program.
Cryogenic UHV-STM Studies of Hydrogen and Deuterium Desorption from
Silicon
J. W. Lyding,* E. T. Foley
IBM Partnership Award
A cryogenic ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM)
is being used to study hydrogen and deuterium desorption from silicon
surfaces as a function of temperature. This program augments the
recent discovery by Lyding and Hess that deuterium can be used to
extend CMOS transistor lifetimes by over an order of magnitude. The
goal of this program is to better understand the underlying mechanisms
for the isotope effect as well as to shed new light onto hot-electron
degradation mechanisms in transistors.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Semiconductor Devices
J. R. Tucker,* J. W. Lyding,* W. Zhao
Joint Services Electronics Program, N00014-96-1-0129
A new ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (UHV STM) system
has been constructed to characterize III-V heterolayer structures
cleaved in situ. The goal is to provide atom-scale structural and
electronic information which can be used to improve the growth,
design, and performance of advanced III-V heterolayer devices. Recent
results include analysis of ultrathin quantum-well photodiodes from
Professor Stillman's group, interband resonant tunneling diodes from
Motorola, high electron mobility transistors from Cornell University,
and the first cross-sectional STM images of self-organized InAs
quantum dots grown at Stanford University.
Advanced Automation
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TABB, M. and N. AHUJA. Unsupervised multiscale image segmentation by integrated edge and region detection. IEEE Trans. Image Process., 6:5, 642-655 (1997).
WENG, J., Y. CUI, and N. AHUJA. Transitory image sequences, asymptotic properties, and estimation of motion and structure. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 19:5, 451-464 (1997).
Advanced Processing and Circuits
ADESIDA, I., M. A. ARAFA, K. ISMAIL, J. O. CHU, and B. S. MEYERSON. Submicrometer p-type SiGe modulation-doped field-effect transistors for high-speed applications. Microelectron. Engr., 35, 257-260 (1997).
CHEN, Q., R. GASKA, M. A. KHAN, M. S. SHUR, A. PING, I. ADESIDA, J. BURM, W. J. SCHAFF, and L. F. EASTMAN. Microwave performance of 0.25 m doped channel GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field effect transistor at elevated temperaures. Electron. Lett., 33, 637-638 (1997).
CHEN, Q., J. W. WANG, M. A. KHAN, A. T. PING, and I. ADESIDA. High transconductance AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors on SiC substrates. Electron. Lett., 33, 1081-1082 (1997).
FAY, P., M. ARAFA, W. WOHLMUTH, C. CANEAU, W. WOHLMUTH, C. CANEAU, S. CHANDRASEKHAR, and I. ADESIDA. Design, fabrication, and performance of high-speed monolithically integrated InAlAs/InGaAs/InP MSM HEMT photoreceivers. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., 15, 1871-1879 (1997).
FAY, P., W. WOHLMUTH, C. CANEAU, S. CHANDRASEKHAR, and I. ADESIDA. High-speed digital and analog performance of low-noise integrated MSM-HEMT photoreceivers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 991-993 (1997).
GRUNDBACHER, R., I. ADESIDA, Y. C. KAO, and A. A. KETTERSON. Single step lithography for double-recessed gate pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 15, 49-52 (1997).
HANNAN, M., R. W. GIANNETA, R. GRUNDBACHER, and I. ADESIDA. Transport study in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs lateral superlattices. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 15, 1291-1294 (1997).
MAHAJAN, A., M. ARAFA, P. FAY, C. CANEAU, and I. ADESIDA. 0.3-m gate-length enhancement-mode InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high-electron mobility transistor. IEEE Electron Device Lett., 18, 284-286 (1997).
MAHAJAN, A., G. CUEVA, M. ARAFA, P. FAY, and I. ADESIDA. Fabrication and characterization of an InAlAs/InGaAs/InP ring oscillator using integrated enhancement- and depletion-mode high electron mobility transistors. IEEE Electron Device Lett., 18, 391-393 (1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., J. S. HUGHES, R. M. LAMMERT, and J. J. COLEMAN. An asymmetric cladding gain-coupled DFB laser with oxide defined metal surface grating by MOCVD. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 1460-1462 (1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., R. PANEPUCCI, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. A strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs asymmetric cladding gain-coupled DFB laser with titanium surface gratings by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 422-424 (1997).
PING, A.T., M. A. KHAN, and I. ADESIDA. Dry etching of AlxGa1-xN using chemically assisted ion beam etching. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 12, 133-135 (1997).
PING, A. T., M. A. KHAN, Q. CHEN, J. W. WANG, and I. ADESIDA. Dependence of DC and RF characteristics in gate length for high current AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Electron. Lett., 33, 1081-1082 (1997).
PING, A. T., A. C. SCHMITZ, I. ADESIDA, M. A. KHAN, Q. CHEN, and J. W. YANG. Characterization of reactive ion etched-induced damage to n-GaN surfaces using Schottky diodes. J. Electron. Mater., 26, 266-271 (1997).
SOOLE, J. B. D., C. CANEAU, H. P. LEBLANC, N. C. ANDREADAKAKIS, A. RAJHET, C. YOUTSEY, and I. ADESIDA. Suppression of modal birefringence in InP-InGaAsP waveguides through use of compensated tensile strain. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 61-63 (1997).
WOHLMUTH, W., M. ARAFA, P. FAY, and I. ADESIDA. InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectdors with a hybrid combination of transparent and opaque electrodes. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 3026-3028 (1997).
WOHLMUTH, W., M. ARAFA, P. FAY, J. W. SEO, and I. ADESIDA. Impulse response of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors using a conformal mapping technique and extracted circuit parameters. Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 36, 652-656 (1997).
WOHLMUTH, W., P. FAY, K. VACCARO, E. A. MARTIN, and I. ADESIDA. High-speed InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with thin absorption layers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 654-656 (1997).
WOHLMUTH, W., J.-W. SEO, P. FAY, C. CANEAU, and I. ADESIDA. A high-speed ITO-InAlAs-InGaAs Schottky-barrier photodetector. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 1388-1390 (1997).
YOUTSEY, C., I. ADESIDA, and G. BULMAN. Highly anisotropic photoenhanced wet etching of n-type GaN. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 2161-2163 (1997).
Analog and Digital Circuits
AMERASEKERA, E. A. and F. N. NAJM. Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices (2d Ed.) (John Wiley & Sons, 1997).
CHUNG, P. Y. and I. N. HAJJ. Diagnosis and correction of multiple design and errors in digital circuits. IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., 5:2, 233-237 (1997).
KUTUK, H. and S. M. KANG. A switched capacitor approach to field-programmable analog array design. Analog Integrated Circuits Signal Process., 14, 81-90 (1997).
KWAK, S. U., B. S. SONG, and K. BACRANIA. A 15b 5M sample/s low-spurious CMOS ADC. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 32:12, 1866-1875 (1997).
MENA, P., S. M. KANG, and T. A. DeTEMPLE. Rate-equation-based laser models with a single solution regime. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., 15:4, 717-830 (1997).
MOON, U. K. and B. S. SONG. Background digital calibration techniques for pipelined ADC's. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.-II, 44, 102-109 (1997).
RAHA, P., J. MILLER, and E. ROSENBAUM. Time-dependent snapback in thin film SOI MOSFETs. IEEE Electron Device Lett., 18:11, 509 (1997).
RAHA, P., S. RAMASWAMY, and E. ROSENBAUM. Heat flow analysis for EOS/ESD protection device design in SOI technology. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 44:3, 464-471 (1997).
ROSENBAUM, E. and L. F. REGISTER. Mechanism of stress-induced leakage current in MOS capacitors. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 44:2, 317-323 (1997).
SHANBHAG, N. R. and M. GOEL. Low-power adaptive filter architectures and their application to 51.84 Mb/s ATM-LAN. IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 45:5, 1276-1290 (1997).
SONG, B. S. and D. C. SOO. NRZ timing recovery for band-limited channels. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 44:4, 514-520 (1997).
WHITLOCK, B., P. K. PEPELJUGOSKI, D. M. KUCHTA, J. D. CROW, and S. M. KANG. Computer modeling and simulation of the optoelectronic technology consortium (OETC) optical bus. IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., 15:4, 6-18 (1997).
Bioacoustics
COREY, J. M., A. L. BRUNETTE, M. S. CHEN, J. A. WEYHENMEYER, and B. C. WHEELER. Differentiated B104 neuroblastoma cells are a high-resolution assay for micropatterned substrates. J. Neurosci. Meth., 75, 91-97 (1997).
GORDON, S. H., R. B. SCHUDY, B. C. WHEELER, D. T. WICKLOW, and R. V. GREENE. Identification of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectral features for detection of Aspergillis flavus infection in corn. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 35, 179-185 (1997).
O'BRIEN, W. D., JR. and J. F. ZACHARY. Lung damage assessment from exposure to pulsed-wave ultrasound in rabbit, mouse, and pig. IEEE Trans. Ultrasonic., Ferroelectr. Freq. Contr., 44, 473-485 (1997).
RAUM, K. and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Pulse-echo field distribution measurement technique of high-frequency ultrasound sources. IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics., Ferroelectr., Freq. Contr., 44, 810-815 (1997).
SAFVI, A. A., H. J. MEERBAUM, S. A. MORRIS, C. L. HARPER, and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Acoustic imaging of defects in flexible food packages. J. Food Protection, 60, 309-314 (1997).
TI, B. W., W. D. O'BRIEN, JR., and J. G. HARRIS. Measurements of coupled Rayleigh wave propagation in an elastic plate. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 102, 1528-1531 (1997).
Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing
DAL CIN, M., C. MEADOWS, and W. H. SANDERS (eds.). Dependable Computing for Critical Applications (IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 1997).
GANAPATHY, K. and B. W. WAH. Designing a scalable processor array for recurrent computations. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., 8:8, 840-856 (1997).
GOSWAMI, K. K. and R. K. IYER. DEPEND: a simulation-based environment for system level dependability analysis. IEEE Trans. Comput., 46:1, 60-74 (1997).
HSUEH, M.-C., T. TSAI, and R. K. IYER. Fault injection techniques and tools. IEEE Trans. Comput., 30:4, 75-82 (1997).
IEUMWANANONTHACHAI, A. and B. W. WAH. Statistical generalization of performance-related heuristics for knowledge-lean applications. Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering Applications (Dasgupta and Michalewicz, eds.; Springer-Verlag) 293-313 (1997).
IYER, R. K. Foolproof and incapable of error? Reliable computing. HAL's Legacy: 2001's Computer as a Dream and Reality (Stork, ed.; MIT Press) Japanese translation (1997).
KANT, L. and W. H. SANDERS. Analysis of the distribution of consecutive cell losses in an ATM switch using stochastic activity networks. Int. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. Engr. ATM Switching (spec. issue), 12:2, 117-129 (1997).
VAN MOORSEL, A. P. A. and W. H. SANDERS. Transient solution of Markov models by combining adaptive and standard uniformization. IEEE Trans. Reliability, 46:3, 430-440 (1997).
WAH, B. W. and Y.-J. CHANG. Trace-based methods for solving nonlinear global optimization problems. J. Global Optim., 10:2, 107-141 (1997).
WAH, B. W. and L. C. CHU. TCGD: a time-constrained approximate guided depth-first search algorithm. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools, 6:2, 255-271 (1997).
WAH, B. W., A. IEUMWANANONTHACHAI, and T. YU. Genetics-based learning and statistical generalization. Knowledge-Based Systems: Advanced Concepts, Tools and Applications. (Tzafestas, ed.; World Scientific) 319-347 (1997).
Communications
CZERWINSKI, R. N. and D. L. JONES. Adaptive short-time Fourier analysis. IEEE Signal Process. Lett., 4:2, 42-45 (1997).
GOMIS, P., D. L. JONES, P. CAMINAL, E. J. BERBARI, and P. LANDER. Analysis of abnormal signals within the QRS complex of the high-resolution electrocardiogram. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engr., 4:8, 681-693 (1997).
TAROKH, V. and A. VARDY. Upper bounds on trellis complexity of lattices. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 43, 1294-1300 (1997).
VARDY, A. The intractability of computing the minimum distance of a code. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 43, 1757-1766 (1997).
YELLIN, D., A.VARDY, and O. AMRANI. Joint equalization and coding for intersymbol interference channels. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 43, 409-425 (1997).
Decision and Control
AIT-HELLAL, O., E. ALTMAN, and T. BASAR. Rate-based flow control with bandwidth information. Euro. Trans. Telecommun., 8:1, 55-65 (1997).
DE SCHUTTER, J., H. BRUYNINCHX, W.-H. ZHU, and M. W. SPONG. Underactuated mechanical systems. Control Problems in Robotics and Automation. (Siciliano and Valabanis, eds.; Springer-Verlag) Lecture Notes in Control and Information Science, 230, 1-17 (1997).
DIDINSKY, G. and T. BASAR. Minimax Adaptive Control of Uncertain Plants (ARI, Springer-Verlag) 50:1, 3-20 (1997).
HUMES, C., JR., J. OU, and P. R. KUMAR. The delay of open Markovian queueing networks: uniform funtional bounds, heavy traffic pole multiplicities, and stability. Math. Oper. Res., 22:4, 291-954 (1997).
JIN, H., J. OU, and P. R. KUMAR. The throughput of irreducible closed Markovian queueing networks: functional bounds, asymptotic loss, efficiency, and the Harrison-Wein conjectures. Math. Oper. Res., 22:4, 886-920 (1997).
SPONG, M. W. Underactuated mechanical systems. Control Problems in Robotics and Automation (Siciliano and Valabanis, eds.) Lecture Notes in Control and Information Science, 230, 135-150 (1997).
Digital Signal and Image Processing
GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI, M. and T. S. HUANG. A generalized method for image coding using fractal-based techniques. J. Visual Commun. Image Representation, 8:2, 208-225 (1997).
HANSON, J. M., Z.-P. LIANG, R. L. MAGIN, J. L. DUERK, and P. C. LAUTERBUR. A comparison of RIGR and SVD dynamic imaging methods. Magn. Reson. Med., 38, 161-167 (1997).
HESS, C. P., H. JIANG, J. M. HANSON, and Z.-P. LIANG. A software system for interactive MR signal processing. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 15, 127-130 (1997).
JENKINS, W. K. Fourier series, Fourier transforms, and the discrete Fourier transform. The DSP Handbook. (Madisetto, ed.; CRC Press, 1997).
JENKINS, W. K. Fourier transforms. The Electrical Engineering Handbook. (Dorf, ed.; CRC Press) 271-286 (1997).
JENKINS, W. K. and D. F. MARSHALL. Transform domain adaptive filters. The DSP Handbook. (Madisetto, ed.; CRC Press, 1997).
KMIECIK, J. A., C. D. GREGORY, Z.-P. LIANG, D. E. HRAD, P. C. LAUTERBUR, and M. J. DAWSON. Quantitative lactate imaging of skeletal muscle at macroscopic and microscopic resolutions using a zero-quantum/double-quantum filter and SLIM/GSLIM localization. Magn. Reson. Med., 37, 840-850 (1997).
LIANG, Z.-P., H. JIANG, C. P. HESS, and P. C. LAUTERBUR. Dynamic imaging by model estimation. Int. J. Imag. Syst. Technol., 8, 551-557 (1997).
LIANG, Z.-P. and D. C. MUNSON. Partial radon transforms. IEEE Trans. Image Process., 6, 1467-1469 (1997).
LIANG, Z.-P., H. PAN, R. L. MAGIN, N. AHUJA, and T. S. HUANG. Automated registration of multimodality images by maximization of a region similarity measure. Int. J. Imag. Syst. Technol., 8, 513-518 (1997).
LOPEZ, R., A. J. COLMENAREZ, and T. S HUANG. Time-varying image processing for 3D model-based video coding. Time-Varying Image Processing and Moving Object Recognition (Cappellini, ed.; Elsevier.) 5, 79-86 (1997).
PAVLOVIC, V. I., R. SHARMA, and T. S. HUANG. Visual interpretation of hand gestures for human-computer interaction: a review. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 677-695 (1997).
SCHNAUFER, B. A. and W. K. JENKINS. Adaptive fault tolerance for reliable LMS adaptive filtering. IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst., Part II: Analog Digital Signal Process., 44:12, 1001-1014 (1997).
Electromagnetic Communication and Electronics Packaging
BEYENE, W. T. and J. E. SCHUTT-AINE Accurate frequency-domain modeling and efficient circuit simulation of high-speed package interconnects. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 45, 1941-1947 (1997).
CELIK, M. and A. C. CANGELLARIS. Simulation of multiconductor transmission lines using Krylov subspace order-reduction techniques. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des., 16, 485-496 (1997).
CELIK, M., A. C. CANGELLARIS, and A. YAGHMOUR. An all-purpose transmission-line model for interconnect simulation in SPICE. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 45, 1857-1867 (1997).
PINELLO, W., A. C. CANGELLARIS, and A. RUEHLI. Hybrid electromagnetic modeling of noise interactions in packaged electronics based on the partial-element equivalent circuit formulation. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 45, 1889-1896 (1997).
Electromagnetics
CHEW, W. C., J. M. LIN, C. C. LU, E. MICHIELSSEN, and J. M. SONG. Fast solution methods in electromagnetics. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45:3, 533-543 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., J. M. LIN, and E. MICHIELSSEN. Complex coordinate stretching as a generalized absorbing boundary condition. Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., 15:6, 363-369 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., S. KOC, J. M. SONG, C. C. LU, and E. MICHIELSSEN. A succinct way to diagonalize the translation matric in three dimensions. Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., 15:3, 144-147 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., J. M. SONG, C. C. LU, R. WAGNER, J. H. LIN, H. GAN, and M. NASIR. Fast algorithms for solving electromagnetic scattering problems. Wave Propagation in Complex Media (Papanicolaou, ed.; Springer-Verlag) 96, 1-22 (1997).
CHUANG, S. L. GaAs optoelectronic integrated circuits and future applications. GaAs Datareview (Inst. of Electr. Engrs., London) 925-930 (1997).
CHUANG, S. L. and C. S. CHANG. Band structure model of strained quantum-well wurtzite semiconductors. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 1, 252-263 (1997).
FAN, G. and J. M. JIN. Scattering from a cylindrically conformal slotted-waveguide array antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45:7, 1150-1159 (1997).
FANG, W., M. HATTENDORF, S. L. CHUANG, J. MINCH, C. S. CHANG, C. G. BETHEA, and Y. K. CHEN. Analysis of the temperature sensitivity in semiconductor lasers using gain and spontaneous emission measurements. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 796-798 (1997).
FANG, W., A. HSU, S. L. CHUANG, T. TANBUN-EK, and A. M. SERGENT. Measurement and modeling of distributed-feedback lasers with spatial-hole burning. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., 3, 547-554 (1997).
JIN, J. M., J. A. BERRIE, R. KIPP, and S. W. LEE. Calculation of radiation patterns of microstrip antennas on cylindrical bodies of arbitrary cross section. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45:1, 126-132 (1997).
JIN, J. M. and N. LU. The unimoment method applied to elliptic boundaries. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45:3, 564-566 (1997).
JIN, J. M., X. O. SHENG, and W. C. CHEW. Complementary perfectly matched layers to reduce reflection errors. Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., 14:5, 284-287 (1997).
KEATING, T., J. MINCH, C. S. CHANG, P. ENDERS, W. FANG, S. L. CHUANG, T. TANBUN-EK, T. K. CHEN, and M. SERGENT. Optical gain and refractive index of a laser amplifier in the presence of pump light for cross-gain and cross-phase modulation. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 1358-1360 (1997).
LEE, J.-F., R. LEE, and A. C. CANGELLARIS. Time-domain finite element methods. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45, 430-442 (1997).
LI, J., J.-F. SEURIN, S. L. CHAUNG, K. D. CHOQUETTE, K. M. GEIB, and H. Q. HOU. Correlation of electrical and optical characteristics of selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 1799-1801 (1997).
LING, F. and J. M. JIN. Hybridization of SBR and MoM for scattering by large bodies with inhomogeneous protrusions--summary. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 11, 1249-1255 (1997).
LING, F. and J. M. JIN. Hybridization of SBR and MoM for scattering by large bodies with inhomogeneous protrusions. Progr. Electromagn. Res., PIER, 17, 25-43 (1997).
LING, F. and J. M. JIN. Scattering and radiation analysis of microstrip antennas using discrete complex image method and reciprocity theorm. Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., 6:4, 212-216 (1997).
MINCH, J., C. S. CHANG, and S. L. CHUANG. Four-wave mixing in a distributed-feedback laser. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 1360-1362 (1997).
MINCH, J., C. S. CHANG, and S. L. CHUANG. Wavelength conversion in distributed-feedback lasers. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., 3, 569-576 (1997).
MINCH, J., S. L. CHUANG, C. S. CHANG, W. FANG, Y. K. CHEN, and T. TANBUN-EK. Theory and experiment on the amplified spontaneous emission from distributed-feedback lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 33, 815-823 (1997).
SEURIN, J.-F. P. and S. L. CHUANG. Discrete Bessel transform and beam propagation method for modeling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. J. Appl. Phys., 82, 2007-2016 (1997).
SHENG, X. and J. M. JIN. Hybrid FEM/SBR method to compute scattering by large bodies with small protruding scatterers. Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., 15:2, 78-84 (1997).
SONG, J. M., C.-C. LU, and W. C. CHEW. Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for electromagnetic scattering by large complex objects. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45:10, 1488-1493 (1997).
TEIXEIRA, F. L. and W. C. CHEW. PML-FDTD in cylindrical and spherical grids. Microwave Guided Wave Lett., 7:9, 285-287 (1997).
TEIXEIRA, F. L. and W. C. CHEW. Perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition in cylindrical and spherical grids. Microwave Guided Wave Lett., 7:9, 285-287 (1997).
TEIXEIRA, F. L. and W. C. CHEW. Systematic derivation of anisotropic PML absorbing media in curvilinear coordinates. Microwave Guided Wave Lett., 7:11, 371-373 (1997).
WAGNER, R. L., J. M. SONG, and W. C. CHEW. Monte Carlo simulation of electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional random rough surfaces. IEEE Antennas Propagat., 45:2, 235-245 (1997).
ZHAO, L. and A. C. CANGELLARIS. A parasite-free non-orthogonal finite-difference frequency-domain method for the electromagnetic analysis of anisotropic waveguides. IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, 1516-1519 (1997).
ZUNOUBI, M., J. M. JIN, W. C. CHEW, and D. KENNEDY. A spectral Lanczos decomposition method for solving axisymmetric low-frequency electromagnetic diffusion by the finite-element method. J. Electromagn. Waves. Appl., 11, 1389-1406 (1997).
Electrophysics
FRAME, J. W., D. J. WHEELER, T. A. DeTEMPLE, and J. G. EDEN. Microdischarge devices fabricated in silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 1165-1167 (1997).
MENA, P. V., S.-M. KANG, and T. A. DeTEMPLE. Rate-equation based laser models with a single solution regime. IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., 15, 717-730 (1997).
Engineering Education
BAKKER, W. and M. C. LOUI. Can designing and selling low-quality products be ethical? Sci. Engr. Ethics, 3:2, 153-170 (1997).
GLAGOLA, C., M. KAM, M. C. LOUI, and C. WHITBECK. Teaching ethics in engineering and computer science: a panel discussion. Sci. Engr. Ethics, 3:4, 463-480 (1997).
LOUI, M. C. Commentary on better communication between engineers and managers: some ways to prevent many ethically hard choices. Sci. Engr. Ethics, 3:2, 215-216 (1997).
LOUI, M. C. Complexity theory. The Computer Science & Engineering Handbook (Tucker, ed.; CRC Press) 250-276 (1997).
Gaseous Electronics
ALWAN, J. J. and J. G. EDEN. Photochemical vapor deposition of wide bandgap III-V materials: influence of photochemically generated radicals on the growth of aluminum nitride and gallium nitride films. Chem. Vapor Deposition, 3, 209-217 (1997).
BARNES, P. N. and M. J. KUSHNER. Ion-ion neutralization of iodine in RF inductive discharges of Xe and I2 mixtures. J. Appl. Phys., 82, 2150 (1997).
EDEN, J. G. and V. S. ZUEV. Van der Waals molecules and colliding pairs of rare gas atoms ahead of a shock wave front. J. Russian Laser Res., 18, 276-289 (1997).
FRAME, J. W., D. J. WHEELER, T. A. DeTEMPLE, and J. G. EDEN. Microdischarge devices fabricated in silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 1165-1167 (1997).
FUNK, D. S., J. G. EDEN, J. S. OSINSKI, and B. LU. Green, holmium-doped upconversion fiber laser pumped by a red semiconductor laser. Electron. Lett., 1958-1959 (1997).
GLUSCHENKOV, O., J. M. MYOUNG, K. H. SHIM, K. KIM. Z. G. FIGEN, J. GAO, and J. G. EDEN. Stimulated emission at 300 K from photopumped GaN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with an inductively-coupled plasma source. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 811-813 (1997).
GRAPPERHAUS, M. J. and M. J. KUSHNER. A semi-analytic sheath model integrated into a 2-dimensional model for radio frequency biased, inductively coupled plasma etching reactors. J. Appl. Phys., 81, 569 (1997).
HOEKSTRA, R. J., M. J. GRAPPERHOUS, and M. J. KUSHNER. An integrated plasma equipment model for polysilicon etch profiles in an inductively coupled plasma reactor with subwafer and superwafer topography. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A15, 1913 (1997).
HUANG, F. Y. and M. J. KUSHNER. Shapes of agglomerates in plasma etching reactors. J. Appl. Phys., 81, 5960 (1997).
HWANG, H. H. and M. J. KUSHNER. Simulation of the formation of Coulomb liquids and solids in dusty plasmas. J. Appl. Phys., 82, 2106 (1997).
KUSHNER, M. J. Consequences of asymmetric pumping in low pressure plasma processing reactors: a 3-dimensional modeling study. J. Appl. Phys., 82:11, 5312-5320 (1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. Argon metastable densities in radio frequency Ar, Ar/O2 and Ar/CF4 electrical discharges. J. Appl. Phys., 82, 2805 (1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. A model for non-collisional heating in inductively coupled plasma-processing sources. J. Appl. Phys., 81, 5966 (1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. A self-consistent analytical model for non-collisional heating in low pressure plasmas. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 6, 518-523 (1997).
SCHLOSS, J. H., H. C. TRAN, and J. G. EDEN. Photodissociation of Kr2F(42G) in the ultraviolet and near-infrared: wavelength dependence of KrF(B2_) yield. J. Chem. Phys., 106, 5423-5428 (1997).
High-Frequency Devices and Integrated Circuits
AHMARI, D. A., M. T. FRESINA, Q. J. HARTMAN, D. W. BARLAGE, M. FENG, and G. E. STILLMAN. InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar grown on a semi-insulating InGaP buffer layer. IEEE Electron Device Lett., 18:11, 559-561 (1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K., W. C. FANG, J. I. MALIN, A. P. CURTIS, T. HORTON, H. C. KUO, C. H. LIN, J. LI, K. C. HSIEH, S. L. CHUANG, I. ADESIDA, M. FENG, S. G. BISHOP, G. E. STILLMAN, J. M. GIBSON, H. CHEN, J. MAZUMDER, and H. C. LIU. Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the device characteristics of quantum well infrared photodetectors. J. Electron. Mater., 26:1, 43-51 (1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K., W. C. FANG, J. I. MALIN, J. LI, T. HORTON, A. P. CURTIS, K. C. HSIEH, S. L. CHUANG, H. CHEN, M. FENG, G. E. STILLMAN, L. LI, H. C. LIU, K. M. S. V. BANDARA, D. GUNAPALA, and W. I. WANG. GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors on GaAs-on-Si substrate. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71:1, 78-80 (1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K., T. HORTON, W. C. FANG, A. P. CURTIS, J. LI, S. L. CHUANG, H. CHEN, M. FENG, G. E. STILLMAN, A. KAR, J. MAZUMDER, L. LI, and H. C. LIU. Redshifting of a bound-to-continuum GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetector response via laser annealing. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 3573-3575 (1997).
Magnetic Resonance
JIN, J. M. and J. CHEN. On the SAR and field inhomogeneity of birdcage coils loaded with the human head. Magn. Reson. Med., 38:6, 953-963 (1997).
KANTT, C. A., A. G. WEBB, and J. B. LITCHFIELD. Temperature measurement with chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with T1 weighted temperature mapping. J. Food Sci., 62:5, 1-6 (1997).
MAGIN, R. L., T. L. PECK, and A. G. WEBB. Miniature magnetic resonance systems. IEEE Spectrum, 35, 51-61 (1997).
STOCKER, J. E., T. L. PECK, A. G. WEBB, M. FENG, and R. L. MAGIN. Nanoliter volume, high-resolution NMR microspectroscopy using a 60-mm planar microcoil. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Imag., 44:11, 1122-1128 (1997).
Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems
GARVEY, J., D. J. BEEBE, and D. D. DENTON. Finite element modelling of a silicon tactile sensor. Sensors Mater., 9:5, 11 (1997).
WANG, L., D. J. BEEBE, A. WILLIAMS, and K. EASLEY. Electrothermal branding for embryo labeling. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engr., 44:11, 1128-1138 (1997).
Power and Energy Systems
HUDGINS, J., A. KELLY, P. KREIN, and D. TORREY. Power electronics. Electronics Engineers Handbook (Christiansen, ed.; McGraw-Hill) Chapt. 19, 1-67 (1997).
KLUMP, R. P. and T. J. OVERBYE. Assessment of transmission system loadability. IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 416-423 (1997).
LAUFENBERG, M., M. A. PAI, and K. R. PADIYAR. Hopf bifurcation control in power systems with static VAR compensators. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 19:5, 339-347 (1997).
OVERBYE, T. J., G. GROSS, M. J. LAUFENBERG, and P. W. SAUER. Visualizing power system operations in the restructured environment. IEEE Comput. Appl. Power, 10, 53-58 (1997).
PAI, M. Science and technology in India--a critical look. Ananya--A Portrait of India (Sridhar and Mattoo, eds.; Assn. of Indians in America) 421-432 (1997).
PAI, M. Small signal stability in power system analysis: a review. J. Inst. Engr. (India), Electr. Div., 78, 51-57 (1997).
PAI, M. A., C. D. VOURNAS, A. N. MICHEL, and H. YE. Applications of interval matrices in power system stabilizer design. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 19:3, 179-184 (1997).
Semiconductor Lasers
ADESIDA, I. and J. J. COLEMAN. Optoelectronic devices. Handbook of Photonics (Gupta, ed.; CRC Press) 291 (1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., J. S. HUGHES, R. M. LAMMERT, and J. J. COLEMAN. An asymmetric cladding gain-coupled DFB laser with oxide defined metal surface grating by MOCVD. IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., 9, 1460 (1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., R. PANEPUCCI, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. A strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs asymmetric cladding gain-coupled DFB laser with titanium surface gratings by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., 9, 422 (1997).
Semiconductor Physics
BOUCAUD, P., F. H. JULIEN, R. PRAZERES, J. M. ORTEGA, V. BERGER, J. NAGLE, and J. P. LEBURTON. Time resolved measurement of intersubband lifetime in GaAs quantum wells using a two-color free electron laser. Electron. Lett., 32, 2357 (1997).
COLEMAN, J. J. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for optoelectronic devices. Proc. IEEE, 85, 1715 (1997).
COLEMAN, J. J., R. M. LAMMERT, M. L. OSOWSKI, and A. M. JONES. Progress in InGaAs-GaAs selective-area MOCVD towards photonic integrated circuits. IEEE J. Select Topics Quantum Electron. Optoelectron. Mater. Process., 3, 874-884 (1997).
FILIPOWITZ, F., U. MARTI, M. GLICK, F. K. REIHNART, J. WANG, P., VONALLMEN, and J. P. LEBURTON. New interpretation of quantum wire luminescence using a non-standard description of the valence band state. Quantum Electronics, 9, 1947 (Opt. Soc. of Amer. Technical Digest Series) 81-83 (1997).
GAUTHIER-LAFAYE, O., S. SAUVAGE, P. BOUCAUD, F. H. JULIEN, F. PRAZERES, F. GLOTIN, J. M. ORTEGA, V. THIERRY-MIEG, R. PLANEL, J. P. LEBURTON, and Y. BERGER. Intersubband stimulated emission in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells: pump-probe experiments using a two-color free electron laser. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 3197 (1997).
GRUPEN, M. and K. HESS. Severe gain suppression due to dynamic carrier heating in quantum well lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70:7, 808-810 (1997).
HANSON, J. M., Z.-P LIANG, R. L. MAGIN, J. L. DUERK, and P. C. LAUTERBUR. A comparison of RIGR and SVD dynamic imaging methods. Magn. Reson. Med., 38, 161-167 (1997).
HESS, C. P., H. JIANG, J. M. HANSON, and Z.-P. LIANG. A software system for interactive MR signal processing. Magn. Reson. Imag., 15, 127-130 (1997).
HESS, K. Milestones of hot electron research in semiconductors. Hot Electrons in Semiconductors. Series on Semiconductors Science and Technology (Balkan, ed.; Oxford University Press, 1997).
JONES, A. M., B. LENT, J. F. KLUENDER, S. D. ROH, A. H. MOORE, W. A. BONNER, and J. J. COLEMAN. Aluminum-free strained-layer lasers emitting at 1.14 m on low-composition InGaAs:n substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 1319-1321 (1997).
JULIEN, F. H. and J. P. LEBURTON. Infrared intersubband emission in optically pumped quantum wells. Long Wavelength Infrared Emitters Based on Quantum Wells and Superlattices. Opto-Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Wells (Manasreh Series, Gordon & Breach Publ., 1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Observation of multiple Er3+ sites in Er-implanted GaN by site-selective photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 231-233 (1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Trap-mediated excitation of Er3+ photoluminescence in Er-implanted GaN. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 2662-2664 (1997).
KIM, Y. D., F. NAKAMURA, E. YOON, D. V. FORBES, X. LI, and J. J. COLEMAN. Surface photoabsorption monitoring of the growth of GaAs and InGaAs at 650°C by MOCVD. J. Electron. Mater., 26, 1164 (1997).
LAMMERT, R. M., J. S. HUGHES, S. D. ROH, M. L. OSOWSKI, A. M. JONES, and J. J. COLEMAN. Low-threshold narrow-linewidth InGaAs-GaAs ridge-waveguide DBR lasers with first-order surface gratings. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 149-151 (1997).
LAMMERT, R. M., A. M. JONES, C. T. YOUTSEY, J. S . HUGHES, S. D. ROH, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. InGaAsP-InP ridge-waveguide DBR lasers with first-order surface gratings fabricated using CAIBE. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 1445-1447 (1997).
LAMMERT, R. M., S. D. ROH, J. S. HUGHES, M. L. OSOWSKI, and J. J. COLEMAN. MQW DBR lasers with monolithically integrated external-cavity electroabsorption modulators fabricated without modification of the active region. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 566-568 (1997).
LEBURTON, J. P. and S. NAGARAJA. Electronic properties of quantum dots and artificial atoms. NATO ASI Series E, 344 on Optical Spectroscopy of Low Dimensional Semiconductors (Abstreiter, Aydinli, and Leburton, eds.; Kluwer Academic) 235-256 (1997).
LEBURTON, J. P. and Y. B. LYANDA-GELLER. Tunable negative differential resistance in antidot diffraction field effect transistor (ADDFET). Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 634 (1997).
LEBURTON, J. P. and Y. B. LYANDA-GELLER. Electron diffraction by periodic arrays of quantum antidots. Phys. Rev. B, 54, 17716 (1997).
LI, X. and J. J. COLEMAN. Depth-resolved and excitation power dependent cathodoluminescence study of GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 438-440 (1997).
LI, X., A. M. JONES, S. D. ROH, D. A. TURNBULL, S. G. BISHOP, and J. J. COLEMAN. Characteristics of GaN stripes grown by selective-area metal organic chemical vapor deposition. J. Electron. Mater., 26, 306-310 (1997).
LYANDA-GELLER, Y. B. and J. P. LEBURTON. Phonon scattering modulation of stark cyclotron resonance. Phantom News Lett., 13, 8 (1997).
MACUCCI, M., K. HESS, and G. J. IAFRATE. Numerical simulation of shell-filling effects in circular quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B, 55:8, 4879-4882 (1997)
MOULIN, P. and R. KRISHNAMURTHY. Multiscale modeling and estimation of motion fields for video coding. IEEE Trans. Image Process., 6:12, 1606-1620 (1997).
MOULIN, P., M. ANITESCU, K. O. KORTANEK, and F. POTRA. The role of linear semi-infinite programming in signal-adapted QMF bank design. IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 45:9, 2160-2174 (1997).
RAMACHANDRAN, S., J. C. PEPPER, D. J. BRADY, and S. G. BISHOP. Micro-optical lenslets by photo-expansion in chalcogenide glasses. J. Lightwave Technol., 15, 1371-1377 (1997).
REGISTER, L. F. and K. HESS. Carrier capture in semiconductor quantum wells: simulation of the effects of lost phase coherence. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71:91, 1222-1224 (1997)
ROH, S. D., J. S. HUGHES, R. M. LAMMERT, M. L. OSOWSKI, K. J. BEERNINK, G. C. PAPEN, and J. J. COLEMAN. Asymmetric cladding in GaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector lasers with operating wavelengths of 915-935 nm. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, 285-287 (1997).
THEAN, V. Y., S. NAGARAJA, and J. P. LEBURTON. 3D self-consistent simulation of interface and dopant disorder in delta-doped grid-gate quantum-dot devices. J. Appl. Phys., 82, 1678 (1997)
TURNBULL, D. A. and S. G. BISHOP. Effect of transition metal Co-doping on broad band luminescence excitation mechanism in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1996, 213-214, 288-294 (1997).
WANG, J., J. P. LEBURTON, and J. POZELA. Phonon dispersion and electron-polar optical phonon interaction in asymmetric coupled quantum well structures in the modified image-charge approach. J. Appl. Phys., 81, 3468 (1997).
XU, S., Y. YANG, C. D. GREGORY, J. C. VARY, Z.-P. LIANG, and M. J. DAWSON. Biochemical heterogeneity in hysterectomized uterus measured by 31P NMR using SLIM localization. Magn. Reson. Med., 37, 736-743 (1997).
Semiconductors
BASINGER, S. A., D. J. BRADY, and E. MICHILESSEN. Superresolution through space-time control of two-level quantum systems. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., A14, 503-510 (1997).
CHENG, K. Y. Molecular beam epitaxy technology of III-V compound semiconductors for optoelectronic applications. Proc. IEEE, 85, 1694-1714 (1997).
GUO, J. and D. J. BRADY. Fabrication of pixelated micropolarizer arrays. Opt. Engr., 36:8, 2268-2271 (1997).
HARTMANN, Q. J., N. F. GARDNER, T. U. HORTON, A. P. CURTIS, D. A. AHMARI, M. T. FRESINA, J. E. BAKER, and G. E. STILLMAN. Semi-insulating In0.49Ga0.51P grown at reduced substrate temperature by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 1822 (1997).
HILL, K. B., S. A. BASINGER, R. A. STACK, and D. J. BRADY. Noise and information in interferometric cross correlators. Appl. Opt., 36, 3948-3958 (1997).
HOKE, W. E., P. S. LYMAN, J. J. MOSCA, H. T. HENDRIKS, A. TORABI, W. A. BONNER, B. LENT, L. J. CHOU, and K. C. HSIEH. Improved pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures on InGaAs substrates. J. Appl. Phys., 81, 968-973 (1997).
HOKE, W. E., P. S. LYMAN, J. J. MOSCA, R. A. McTAGGART, P. J. LEMONIAS, R. A. BEAUDOIN, A. TORABI, W. A. BONNER, B. LENT, L. J. CHOU, and K. C. HSIEH. AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs double pulse doped pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures on InGaAs substrates. J. Appl. Phys., 82, 3576-3580 (1997).
ISLAM, M. R., R. D. DUPUIS, A. L. HOLMES, A. P. CURTIS, N. F. GARDNER, G. E. STILLMAN, J. E. BAKER, and R. HULL. Luminescence characteristics of InAlP-InGaP heterostructures having native-oxide windows. J. Cryst. Growth, 170, 413 (1997).
JIMENEZ, J. L., L. R. C. FONSECA, D. J. BRADY, J. P. LEBURTON, D. E. WOHLERT, and K. Y. CHENG. The quantum dot spectrometer. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 3558-3560 (1997).
KUO, H. C., J. M. KUO, Y. C. WANG, C. H. LIN, H. CHEN, and G. E. STILLMAN. Determination of the band offset of GaInP-GaAs and AlInP-GaAs quantum wells by optical spectroscopy. J. Electron. Mater., 26, 944 (1997).
MOY, A. M., A. C. CHEN, K. Y. CHENG, L. J. CHOU, and K. C. HSIEH. Growth of GaInAsP quantum wire heterostructures using the strain-induced lateral-layer ordering process. J. Cryst. Growth, 175/176, 819-124 (1997).
RAMACHANDRAN, S., J. C. PEPPER, D. J. BRADY, and S. G. BISHOP. Micro-optical lenslets by photo-expansion in chalcogenide glasses. J. Lightwave Technol., 15, 1371-1377 (1997).
SUN, W.-T., W.-W. LIAW, M.-C. LIAW, K.-C. HSIEH, and C. C-H. HSU. Improving gate oxide integrity of cobalt silicided p-type polysilicon gate using arsenic implantation. Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 336, L89-L92 (1997).
TANG, Y., D. H. RICH, A. M. MOY, and K. Y. CHENG. Spatial variations in luminescence and carrier relaxation in MBE grown (InP)2/(GaP)2 quantum wires. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B15, 1034-1039 (1997).
TURNBULL, D. A. and S. G. BISHOP. Effect of transition metal co-doping on broad band luminescence excitation mechanism in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 213-214, 288-294 (1997).
WOHLERT, D. E., S. T. CHOU, and K. Y. CHENG. Temperature-insensitive photoluminescence above 300 K in strained GaxIn1-xAs multiple quantum wire heterostructures. J. Cryst. Growth, 175/176, 1162-1166 (1997).
Solid-State Devices
EVANS, P. W. and N. HOLONYAK, JR. Planar anisotropic oxidation of graded AlGaAs for high-resolution vertical-wall current and light guiding in cw laser diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 261-263 (1997).
HOLONYAK, N., JR. The semiconductor laser: a 35 year perspective. Proc. IEEE, 85 (1997).
WIERER, J. J., P. W. EVANS, and N. HOLONYAK, JR. Buried tunnel contact junction AlGaAs-GaAs-InGaAs quantum well heterostructure lasers with oxide-defined lateral currents. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 2286-2288 (1997).
WIERER, J. J., P. W. EVANS, N. HOLONYAK, JR., and D. A. KELLOG. Lateral electron current operation of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with buried tunnel contact hole sources. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71 (1997).
Tunneling Microscopy
SEAFORD, M., S. MASSIE, D. HARTZELL, G. MARTIN, W. WU, J. TUCKER, and L. EASTMAN. Subnanometer analysis and modeling of MBE-grown InP based MODFETs. J. Electron. Mater., 26, 30 (1997).
SHEN, T.-C., C. WANG, and J. R. TUCKER. Al nucleation on monohydride and bare Si(001) surfaces: atomic-scale patterning. Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 1271 (1997).
WU, W., G. S. SOLOMON, J. S. HARRIS, JR., and J. R. TUCKER. Atom-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy of vertically ordered InAs quantum dots. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 1083 (1997).
Advanced Automation
AHUJA, N. and T. S. HUANG. IU at UI: an overview of research during 1996-97. Proc. Image Understanding Wkshp. (New Orleans, La., May 1997) 465-474 (1997).
BAJCSY, P. and N. AHUJA. A new framework for hierarchical segmentation using homogeneity analysis. Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Scale-Space in Comput. Vision, 1252, Springer LNCS (Utrecht, Netherlands, Jul. 1997) 319-322 (1997).
BAJCSY, P. and N. AHUJA. Hierarchical image segmentation using similarity analysis. Proc. Image Understanding Wkshp. (New Orleans, La., May 1997) 541-545 (1997).
RATAKONDA, K. and N. AHUJA. Discrete multi-dimensional linear transforms over connected arbitrarily shaped supports. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Process. (Munich, Germany, Apr. 1997), 3041-3044 (1997).
RATAKONDA, K. and N. AHUJA. Super resolution with region sensitive interpolation. Proc. Image Understanding Wkshp. (New Orleans, La., May 1997) 537-540 (1997).
RATAKONDA, K., S. C YOON, and N. AHUJA. Video compression: coding the displaced frame difference. Proc. Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) I, 353-356 (1997).
SRINIVASA, N. and N. AHUJA. Learning to fixate on 3D targets with uncalibrated active cameras. Proc. Image Understanding Wkshp. (New Orleans, La., May 1997) 129-134 (1997).
YOON, S. C., K. RATAKONDA, and N. AHUJA. Region based video coding using a multiscale image segmentation. Proc. Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) II, 510-513 (1997).
Advanced Processing and Circuits
ADESIDA, I. and A. MAHAJAN. InP HEMT-based digital circuit technology. NATO Wkshp. on Heterostruct. Epitaxy and Devices (Bratislava, Slovakia, 1997).
CUEVA, G., A. MAHAJAN, P. FAY, M. ARAFA, and I. ADESIDA. Ring oscillator using InAlAs/InGaAs/InP enhancement/depletion-mode high electron mobility transistor direct-coupled FET logic inverters. Proc. Int. Conf. on InP and Related Mater. (Cape Cod, Mass., 1997) 157-160 (1997).
FAY, P., W. WOHLMUTH, C. CANEAU, S. CHANDRASEKHAR, and I. ADESIDA. Digital performance of high speed MSM-HEMT monolithically integrated photoreceivers. Proc. Int. Conf. on InP and Related Mater., 475-478 (1997).
HANNAN, M., C. J. WAGNER, R. W. GIANNETTA, R. GRUNDBACHER, and I. ADESIDA. Fabrication and transport study of lateral surface gated devices. 41st Int. Conf. on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam and Nanofabrication (Dana Point, Calif., May 1997).
MAHAJAN, A., M. ARAFA, P. FAY, and I. ADESIDA. Monolithic integration of InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistors. Wkshp. on Compound Semicond. Mater. and Devices (San Antonio, Tex., Feb. 1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., R. PANNEPUCCI, E. E. REUTER, S. G. BISHOP, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. Fabrication and characterization of InGaAs-GaAs quantum wire arrays by selective-area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. SPIE Proc., 2918 166-181 (1997).
PING, A. T., M. A. KHAN, Q. CHEN, and I. ADESIDA. The effects of reactive ion etching-induced damage on the characteristics on metal/n-GaN ohmic contacts. 39th Electron. Mater. Conf. (Fort Collins, Colo., Jun. 1997).
SCHMITZ, A., A. T. PING, I. ADESIDA, M. A. KHAN, and Q. CHEN. Characterization of metal contacts on n-type GaN. 39th Electron. Mater. Conf. (Fort Collins, Colo., Jun. 1997).
WOHLMUTH, W., M. ARAFA, A. MAHAJAN, P. FAY, and I. ADESIDA. Engineering the Schottky barrier heights in InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors. SPIE Proc. 3006, 52-60 (1997).
WOHLMUTH, W., J. W. SEO, P. FAY, C. CANEAU, and I. ADESIDA. High speed InGaAs-based vertical Schottky-Barrier photodetectors. Proc. Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997) 490-493 (1997).
YOUTSEY, C., G. BULMAN, and I. ADESIDA. Dopant-selective photoelectrochemical etching of GaN. 39th Electron. Mater. Conf. (Fort Collins, Colo., Jun. 1997).
Analog and Digital Circuits
BOBBA, S. and I. N. HAJJ. Estimation of maximum switching activity in VLSI digital circuits. 40th Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Sacramento, Calif., Aug. 1997).
CHEN, T. H. and I. N. HAJJ. A hierarchical bridging fault extraction approach for VLSI circuit layouts. Int. Symp. on VLSI Technol., Syst., and Appl. (Taipei, Taiwan, Jun. 1997).
CHEN, T. H. and I. N. HAJJ. Extraction, simulation, and testing of bridging faults in VLSI digital circuits. Euro. Conf. on Circuit Theory and Des. (Budapest, Hungary, Aug./Sept. 1997).
CHEN, T. H. and I. N. HAJJ. A hybrid (IDDQ+logic) testing strategy using an iterative bridging fault scheme. 1997 IEEE Int. Wkshp. on IDDQ Testing (Washington D. C., Nov. 1997) 63-67 (1997).
CHEN, T. H. and I. N. HAJJ. GOLDENGATE: a fast and accurate bridging fault simulator under a hybrid logic/IDDQ testing environment. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Comput.-Aided Des. (San Jose, Calif., Nov. 1997) 555-561 (1997).
DUAN, H., J. W. LOCKWOOD, S. M. KANG, and J. D. WILL. A high-performance OC-12/OC-48 queue design prototype for input-buffered ATM switches. IEEE Infocom 97 (Kobe, Japan, Apr. 1997) 20-28 (1997).
GOEL, M. and N. R. SHANBHAG. A pipelined strength-reduced adaptive filter: finite precision analysis and application to 55.52 Mb/s ATM-LAN. 1997 Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Sacramento, Calif., Aug. 1997).
GOEL, M. and N. R. SHANBHAG. Dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT) for low-power adaptive signal processing. Int. Symp. on Low-Power Electron. Des. (Monterey, Calif., Aug. 1997).
GOEL, M. and N. R. SHANBHAG. Performance of the strength-reduced adaptive filter architecture for 51.84 Mb/s ATM-LAN. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 2132-2135 (1997).
GUPTA, S. and F. N. NAJM. Power macromodeling for high level power estimation. Proc. 34th Des. Automat. Conf. (Anaheim, Calif., Jun. 1997) 365-370 (1997).
HAJJ, I.N. Reliability and power estimation of deep submicron VLSI circuits. 5th Int. Conf. on VLSI and CAD (Seoul, South Korea, Oct. 1997).
HAJJ, I. N. Utilizing the Web in developing and teaching simulation methods. 2nd IAAS Int. Conf. on Comput. Simulat. (Beirut, Lebanon, Sept. 1997).
HALTER, J. P. and F. N. NAJM. A gate-level leakage power reduction method for ultra-low-power CMOS circuits. Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf. (Santa Clara, Calif., May 1997) 475-478 (1997).
HEGDE, R. and N. R. SHANBHAG. A low-power phase-splitting adaptive equalizer for high bit-rate communications systems. IEEE Wkshp. on Signal Process. Syst. (Leicester, England, Nov. 1997).
IM, G.-H. and N. R. SHANBHAG. VLSI systems design for 51.84 Mb/s ATM-LAN. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 2128-2131 (1997).
KANG, S. M., H. DUAN, J. W. LOCKWOOD, and J. D. WILL. iiQueue, a QoS-oriented queue module for input-buffered ATM switches. Proc. 1997 IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 2144-2147 (1997).
KANG, Y., J. W. STROMING, S. M. KANG, and T. S. HUANG. A novel architecture for real-time sprite decoding. Proc. 40th Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Davis, Calif., Aug. 1997) 412-415 (1997).
KANG, Y., J. W. STROMING, S. M. KANG, and T. S. HUANG. An efficient algorithm for computing the perspective transform. Proc. Int. Wkshp. on Coding Techniques for Very Low Bit-Rate Video (Sweden, Aug. 1997) 49-52 (1997).
KIM, J. W. and S. M. KANG. An efficient transistor folding algorithlm for row-based CMS layout design. Proc. ACM/IEEE Des. Automat. Conf. (Anaheim, Calif., Jun. 1997) 456-459 (1997).
KOZHAYA, J. and F. N. NAJM. Accurate power estimation for large sequential circuits. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Comput.-Aided Des. (San Jose, Calif., Nov. 1997) 488-493 (1997).
KWAK, S. U., B. S. SONG, and K. BACRANIA. A 15b 5M sample/s low-spurious CMOS ADC. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (San Francisco, Calif., Feb. 1997).
LEE, M. G., Y. J. HUH, M. C. JUNG, T. LI, J. S. LEE, D. H. SONG, Y. J. LEE, J. M. HWANG, and S. M. KANG. Circuit-level simulation for failure analysis of advanced SMOS ESD protection structures. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on VLSI and CAD (Seoul, South Korea, Oct. 1997) 585-587 (1997).
LI, T., S. RAMASWAMY, E. ROSENBAUM, and S. M. KANG. Circuit-level simulation and layout optimization for deep submicron EOS/ESD output protection device. Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf. (Santa Clara, Calif., May 1997) 159-162 (1997).
LI, T., D. SUH, S. RAMASWAMY, P. BENDIX, E. OSENBAUM, A. KAPOOR, and S. M. KANG. Study of a CMOS I/O protection circuit using circuit-level simulation. Proc. 1997 Int. Rel. Phys. Symp. (Denver, Colo., Apr. 1997) 333-338 (1997).
LI, T., C. H. TSAI, Y. J. HUH, E. ROSENBAUM, and S. M. KANG. A new algorithm for circuit-level electrothermal simulation under EOS/ESD stress. IEEE Int. Integrated Rel. Wkshp. (Lake Tahoe, Nev., Oct. 1997).
NEMANI, M. and F. N. NAJM. High-level area and power estimation for VLSI circuits. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Comput.-Aided Des. (San Jose, Calif., Nov. 1997) 114-119 (1997).
NEMANI, M. and F. N. NAJM. High-level area prediction for power estimation. Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf. (Santa Clara, Calif., May 1997) 483-486 (1997).
PANDA, R. and F. N. NAJM. Technology-dependent transformations for low-power synthesis. Proc. 34th Des. Automat. Conf. (Anaheim, Calif., Jun. 1997) 650-655 (1997).
PARK, S. Y., B. VADUVUR, and S. M. KANG. Data link level support for handoff in ATM network. Proc. 1997 Int. Conf. on Commun. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jun. 1997) 765-769 (1997).
RAHA, P., J. SMITH, J. MILLER, and E. ROSENBAUM. Prediction of ESD protection levels and novel protection devices in thin film SOI technology. Proc. 1997 EOS/ESD Symp. (Santa Clara, Calif., Sept. 1997) 356 (1997).
RAMPRASAD, S., N. R. SHANBHAG, and I. N. HAJJ. Analytical estimation of transition activity for DSP architectures. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997).
RAMPRASAD, S., N. R. SHANBHAG, and I. N. HAJJ. Analytical estimation of transition activity from word-level signal statistics. 34th Des. Automat. Conf. (Anaheim, Calif., Jun. 1997).
RAMPRASAD, S., N. R. SHANBHAG, and I. N. HAJJ. Bounds on signal transition activity via an information-theoretic approach. Proc. IEEE ACM Int. Conf. on Comput.-Aided Des. (San Jose, Calif., Nov. 1997) 126-129 (1997).
RAMPRASAD, S., N. R. SHANBHAG, and I. N. HAJJ. Analytical estimation of transition activity of DSP architectures. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 1512-1515 (1997).
RUDNICK, E. M. and J. H. PATEL. Overcoming the serial logic simulation bottleneck in parallel fault simulation. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on VLSI Des. (Hyderabad, India, Jan. 1997) 495-501 (1997).
RUDNICK, E. M. and J. H. PATEL. Putting the squeeze on test sequences. Proc. Int. Test Conf. (Washington, D. C., Nov. 1997) 723-732 (1997).
SAXENA, V., F. N. NAJM, and I. N. HAJJ. Monte Carlo approach for power estimation in sequential circuits. Euro. Des. and Test Conf. (Paris, France, Mar. 1997).
SHIN, K. W. and B. S. SONG. A complex multiplier architecture based on redundant binary arithmetic. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997).
SONG, M. K., J. J. PARK, E. R. JOE, M. J. CHOE, and B. S. SONG. A fully-integrated 5MHz-IF digital FM demodulator. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf. (San Jose, Calif., May 1997).
VENERIS, A. G. and I. N. HAJJ. A fast algorithm for locating and correcting simple design errors in VLSI digital circuits. Proc. 7th Great Lakes Symp. on VLSI (Urbana, Ill., Mar. 1997) 45-50 (1997).
YUAN, L. P., C. C. TENG, and S. M. KANG. Statistical estimation of average power dissipation in sequential circuits. Proc. ACM/IEEE Des. Automat. Conf. (Anaheim, Calif., Jun. 1997) 377-382 (1997).
Applied Computation Theory
DAS, B. and B. VADUVAR. Routing in ad-hoc networks using minimum connected dominating sets. IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun., 1, 376-380 (1997).
Bioacoustics
BRANCH, D. W., J. M. COREY, B. C. WHEELER, J. A. WEYHENMEYER, and G. J. BREWER. Micro-stamp patterns of biomolecules for control of neuronal growth. 27th Soc. of Neurosci. Conf. (New Orleans, La., Oct. 1997) abstr., 23, 32 (1997).
COREY, J. M., D. V. BRANCH, B. C. WHEELER, J. A. WEYHENMEYER, and G. J. BREWER. Influencing polarity of hippocampal neurons using micro-stamp patterns of biomolecules. 27th Soc. of Neurosci. Conf. (New Orleans, La., Oct. 1997) abstr. 23, 32 (1997).
CZERWINSKI, R. N., D. L. JONES, and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Linear feature enhancement by false color. Proc. 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1427-1431 (1997).
FRAZIER, C. H. and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Synthetic aperature imaging with a virtual source element. Proc. 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1555-1558 (1997).
LIU, C., A. S. FENG, B. C. WHEELER, W. D. O'BRIEN, JR., R. C. BILGER, and C. R. LANSING. A binaurally-based auditory processor effectively extracts speech in the presence of multiple competing sounds. Hearing Aid Res. and Dev. Conf. (NIH) (Bethesda, Md., Sept. 1997).
LWIN, T., and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Tissue-induced ultrasonic wavefront distortion. Proc. 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1415-1418 (1997).
O'BRIEN, W. D., JR. and D. S. ELLIS. Comparison of the output display standard's TIS estimates with independently determined maximum temperature increase calculations. Proc. 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1171-1175 (1997).
RAUM, K. and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Development of the backscattered intensity integral imaging method for the detection of micro-channels in shelf-stable food packages. Proc. 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 777-780 (1997).
SWINEY, D. and W. D. O'BRIEN, JR. Human fetal diagnostic ultrasound exposimetry system. Proc. 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1167-1169 (1997).
WHEELER, B. C., D. V. BRANCH, J. M. COREY, J. A. WEYHENMEYER, and G. J. BREWER. Engineering neural networks in vitro: microstamping biomolecules to control cell position. IEEE EMBS 19th Ann. Int. Conf. (Chicago, Ill., Oct. 1997).
Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing
CUSEY, J. P. and J. H. PATEL. BART: a bridging fault test generator for sequential circuits. Proc. Int. Test Conf. (Washington, D. C., Nov. 1997) 838-847 (1997).
DAS, B., R. SIVAKUMAR, and B. VADUVUR. Routing in ad hoc networks using a spine. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Comput. Commun. and Networks, 34-39 (1997).
DEAVOURS, D. D. and W. H. SANDERS. An efficient disk-based tool for solving very large Markov models. Computer Performance Evaluation. Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Modelling Tech. and Tools (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1245, Marie et al., eds.; Springer-Verlag) (St. Malo, France, Jun. 1997) 58-71 (1997).
DEAVOURS, D. D. and W. H. SANDERS. On-the-fly solution techniques for stochastic Petri nets and extensions. Proc. 7th Int. Wkshp. on Petri Nets and Perform. Models (St. Malo, France, Jun. 1997) 132-141 (1997).
DUGGAL, H. S., M. CUKIER, and W. H. SANDERS. Probabilistic verification of a synchronous round-based consensus protocol. Proc. 16th IEEE Symp. on Reliable Distrib. Syst. (Durham, N. C., Oct. 1997) 165-174 (1997).
GRAHAM, C. R., E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. Dynamic fault grouping for PROOFS: a win for large sequential circuits. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on VLSI Des. (Hyderabad, India, Jan. 1997) 542-544 (1997).
HARTANTO I., V. BOPPANA, J. H. PATEL, and W. K. FUCHS. Diagnostic test pattern generation for sequential circuits. Proc. IEEE VLSI Test Symp. (Apr./May 1997) 196-202 (1997).
HERAGU, K., J. H. PATEL, and V. D. AGRAWAL. Fast identification of untestable delay faults using implications. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Comput. Aided Des. (San Jose, Calif. Nov. 1997) 642-647 (1997).
HSIAO, M. S., E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. Effects of delay models on peak power estimation of VLSI sequential circuits. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Comput. Aided Des. (San Jose, Calif, Nov. 1997) 45-51 (1997).
HSIAO, M. S., E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. Fast algorithms for static compaction of sequential circuit test vectors. Proc. IEEE VLSI Test Symp. (Apr./May 1997) 188-195 (1997).
HSIAO, M. S., E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. K2: an estimator for peak sustainable power of VLSI circuits. Proc. 1997 Int. Symp. on Low Power Electron. and Des. (Monterey, Calif., Aug. 1997) 178-183 (1997).
HSIAO, M. S., E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. Sequential circuit test generation using dynamic state traversal. Proc. 1997 Euro. Des. and Test Conf. (Paris, France, Mar. 1997) 22-28 (1997).
IYER, R. K. Chameleon: adaptive fault tolerance using reliable, mobile agents. 1997 Symp. on Reliable Distrib. Comput. (Durham, N. C., Oct. 1997).
IYER, R. K. Measurement based evaluation of performance and dependability. Dagstuhl Seminar on Perform. Eval. of Comput. Syst. and Commun. Networks (Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, Sept. 1997).
IYER, R. K. Design for dependability. 1997 Pacific Rim Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Comput. (PRFTS'97) (Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 1997).
IYER, R. K., Z. KALBARCZYK, A. MAZZEO, N. MAZZOCA, and R. ROMANO. Evaluation of the on-line testing features of a fail-safe railway control system. Proc. 3rd IEEE Int. On-line Testing Wkshp. (Crete, Greece, Jul. 1997).
IYER, R. K, Z. KALBARCZYK, A. MAZZEO, N. MAZZOCA, and R. ROMANO. Behavior of a computer-based interlocking system under transient hardware faults. 1997 Pacific Rim Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Comput. (PRFTS'97) (Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 1997).
IYER, R. K., Z. KALBARCZYK, G. RIES, J. U. PATEL, and M. S. LEE. Hierarchical approach to accurate fault modeling for system test and evaluation. Proc. 3rd IEEE Int. On-line Testing Wkshp. (Crete, Greece, Jul. 1997).
JIN, H., R. K. IYER, M.-C. HSUEH, and M. COVINGTON. FAMAS: FAult Modeling via Adaptive Simulation. Proc. 10th Int. Symp. on VLSI Des. (Best Paper Award) (New Delhi, India, Jan. 1997).
KALYANAKRISHNAN, M., R. K. IYER, and J. PATEL. Reliability of Internet hosts: a case study from the end user's perpective. Int. Conf. on Comput. Commun. and Networks (Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 1997).
KAVANAUGH, G. and W. H. SANDERS. Performance analysis of two time-based coordinated checkpointing protocols. Proc. 1997 IEEE Pacific Rim Fault-Tolerant Comput. Symp. (Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 1997) 194-201 (1997).
KRISHNASWAMY, D., P. BANERJEE, E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. Asynchronous parallel algorithms for test set partitioned fault simulation. Proc. IEEE 11th Wkshp. on Parallel and Distrib. Simulat. (Lockenhaus, Austria, Jun. 1997) 30-37 (1997).
KRISHNASWAMY, D., M. S. HSIAO, V. SAXENA, E. M. RUDNICK, J. H. PATEL, and P. BANERJEE. Parallel genetic algorithms for simulation-based sequential circuit test generation. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on VLSI Des. (Hyderabad, India, Jan. 1997) 475-481 (1997).
KRISHNASWAMY, D., E. M. RUDNICK, J. H. PATEL, and P. BANERJEE. SPITFIRE: scalable parallel algorithms for test set partitioned fault simulation. Proc. IEEE VLSI Test Symp. (Apr./May 1997) 274-281 (1997).
MADEIRA, H. and W. H. SANDERS. Model- and experiment-based evaluation tools: tool demonstration sessions. Proc. 27th Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Comput. (Seattle, Wash., Jun. 1997) 270 (1997).
RAMAMURTHY, B., S. UPADHYAYA, and R. K. IYER. An object-oriented testbed for the evaluation of checkpointing and recovery systems. Proc. 27th Ann. Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Comput. (FTCS27) (Seattle, Wash., Jun. 1997).
RIES, G. and R. K. IYER. Evaluating the impact of transient faults on software behavior: case study of a commercial high-speed network. 6th IFIP Working Conf. on Dependable Comput. for Critical Appl. (DCCA6) (Mar. 1997).
SAUND, G. S., M. S. HSIAO, and J. H. PATEL. Partial scan beyond cycle cutting. Proc. FTCS (Jun. 1997) 320-328 (1997).
SHANG, Y. and B. W. WAH. Discrete Lagrangian-based search for solving MAX-SAT problems. Proc. Int. Joint Conf. on Artif. Intell. (Aug. 1997) 378-383 (1997).
STOTT, D., M.-C. HSUEH, G. RIES, and R. K. IYER. Dependability analysis of a high-speed network. 27th Ann. Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Comput (FTCS27) (Seattle, Wash., Jun. 1997).
TSAI, T., S. UPADHYAYA, H. ZHAO, M.-C. HSUEH, and R. K. IYER. Path-based fault injection. 3rd ISSAT Conf. on Reliability and Quality in Des. (Anaheim, Calif., Mar. 1997).
WAH, B. W., Y. SHANG, T. WANG, and T. YU. A new adaptive Lagrangian method for designing QMF filter banks. Proc. Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Process. (Nov. 1997).
WAH, B. W., Y. SHANG, T. WANG, and T. YU. Global optimization of QMF filter-bank design using NOVEL. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Process. (Munich, Germany, Apr. 1997) 3, 2081-2084 (1997).
WAH, B. W., Y. SHANG, and Z. WU. Discrete Lagrangian method for optimizing the design of multiplierless QMF filter banks. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Appl. Specific Array Processors (Jul. 1997) 529-538 (1997).
WAH, B. W., T. WANG, Y. SHANG, and Z. WU. Improving the performance of weighted Lagrange-multiple methods for constrained nonlinear optimization. Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Tools for Artif. Intell. (Nov. 1997) 224-231 (1997).
ZHAO, J.-K., E. M. RUDNICK, and J. H. PATEL. Static logic implication with application to redundancy identification. Proc. IEEE VLSI Test Symp. (Apr./May 1997) 288-293 (1997).
Communications
AGRAWAL, D. and A. VARDY. Generalized minimum distance decoding in Euclidean space: performance analysis. Int. Symp. on Inform. Theory (Ulm, Germany, Jul. 1997).
ETZION, T. and A. VARDY. On perfect codes and tiling: problems and solutions. Int. Symp. on Inform. Theory (Ulm, Germany, Jul. 1997).
KRAMER, M. L. and D. L. JONES. Nonstationary interference suppression using adaptive overdetermined frame representations. 31st Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Syst., and Comput. (Pacific Grove, Calif., Nov. 1997).
KRONGOLD, B. S., M. L. KRAMER, K. RAMCHANDRAN, and D. L. JONES. Spread spectrum interference suppression using adaptive time-frequency tilings. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Process. (Munich, Germany, Apr. 1997).
KRONGOLD, B. S., A. M. SAYEED, M. MOEHRING, J. A. RITCEY, M. SPENCER, and D. L. JONES. Quadratic time-scale detection of microemboli in flowing blood with Doppler ultrasound. Adv. Signal-Process. Algorith., Archit., and Implementations VII (Luk, ed.) Proc. SPIE, 3162 (San Diego, Calif., Jul./Aug. 1997).
RIFA, J. and A. VARDY. On partitions of space into perfect codes. Mediterranean Wkshp. on Coding and Inform. Integrity (Ein Boqeq, Israel, Oct. 1997).
TAROKH, V., A. VARDY, and K. ZEGER. Sequential decoding of lattice codes. Int. Symp. on Inform. Theory (Ulm, Germany, Jul. 1997).
TAROKH, V. and A. VARDY. Upper bounds on trellis complexity of lattices. Int. Symp. on Inform. Theory (Ulm, Germany, Jul. 1997).
TRACHTENBERG, A. and A. VARDY. Lexicographic codes: constructions, bounds, and trellis complexity. 31st Ann. Conf. on Inform. Sci. and Syst. (Baltimore, Md., Mar. 1997).
VARDY, A. Algorithmic complexity in coding theory and the minimum distance problem. 29th Ann. ACM Symp. on Theory of Comput. (El Paso, Tex., May 1997).
VARDY, A. Trellis complexity and soft-decision decoding: conventional and unconventional results on conventional trellises. Proc. Int. Wkhp. on Inform. Theory (Longyearbyen, Norway, Jul. 1997).
YANG, V. Y. and D. L. JONES. A vector constant modulus algorithm for shaped constellation equalization. 31st Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Syst., and Comput. (Pacific Grove, Calif. Nov. 1997).
Decision and Control
ALTMAN, E. and T. BASAR. Multi-user rate-based flow control. Proc. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997) 2916-2921 (1997).
ALTMAN, E., T. BASAR, and R. SRIKANT. Multi-user rate-based flow control with action delays: a team-theoretic approach. Proc. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997) 2387-2392 (1997).
BASAR, T. Adaptation with disturbance attenuation in nonlinear systems. Proc. 15th Symp. on Energy Engr. Sci. (Argonne, Ill., May 1997) 257-264 (1997).
BASAR, T. Nash equilibria of risk-sensitive nonlinear stochastic differential games. 1997 ISDG Wkshp. on Dyn. Games (Sils-Maria, Switzerland, Aug. 1997).
BASAR, T. Risk-sensitive stochastic control and relationship with stochastic differential games. 103rd Ann. Mtg. Amer. Math. Soc. (San Diego, Calif., Jan. 1997).
BASAR, T. Robust flow control for high speed telecommunication networks. 7th Adv. Contr. Appl. Wkshp. (El Segundo, Calif., Feb. 1997).
BASAR, T. and E. ALTMAN. Iterative computation of Nash equilibria in differential games with switching dynamics. 16th Int. Symp. on Math. Program. (Lausanne, Switzerland, Aug. 1997).
BISHOP, B. and M. W. SPONG. Adaptive calibration and control of 2D monocularvisual servo systems. SYROCO '97 (Nantes, France, Sept. 1997) 525-530 (1997).
CHEN, R-R. and S. P. MEYN. A convergent version of value iteration for the synthesis of optimal scheduling policies for discrete-stochastic queueing networks via a deterministic fluid model. INFORMS Ann. Mtg. (Dallas, Tex., Oct. 1997).
CHEN, R-R. and S. P. MEYN. Value iteration and policy iteration for optimization of queueing network models. Indian Statistical Institute and the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability (Calcutta, India, Dec. 1997 /Jan. 1998).
DANIELS, M. and P. R. KUMAR. Racing with the sun in the photon torpedo: optimal driving of the solar powered automobile. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
DIDINSKY, G. and T. BASAR. H · optimal fixed-order controllers. Proc. 1997 Amer. Contr. Conf. (Albuquerque, N. Mex., Jun. 1997) 1771-1772 (1997).
DO VAL, J. B. R. and T. BASAR. Receding horizon control of Markov jump linear systems. Proc. 1997 Amer. Contr. Conf. (Albuquerque, N. Mex., Jun. 1997) 3195-3199 (1997).
GINSBERG, M. and P. R. KUMAR. On the throughput of closed queueing networks with multiple loops. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
GUPTA, P. and P. R. KUMAR. A system and traffic dependent adaptive routing algorithm for ad hoc networks. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
HENDERSON, S. and S. P. MEYN. Efficient simulation of multi-class queueing networks. Winter Simulat. Conf. (Dec. 1997).
HENDERSON, S. and S. P. MEYN. Variance reduction in queueing networks. INFORMS Appl. Probability Mtg. (Feb. 1997).
MEYN, S. P. Stabilization and optimization of controlled Markov processes. Indian Statistical Institute (Bangalore, India, Oct. 1997).
MORRISON, J. and P. R. KUMAR. On the guaranteed throughput and efficiency of closed re-entrant lines. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
MORRISON, J. and P. R. KUMAR. Stability and performance analysis of queueing networks with virtual multiserver stations. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
PAN, Z. and T. BASAR. Adaptive controller design and disturbance attenuation for SISO linear systems with noisy measurements. 1997 Euro. Contr. Conf. (Brussels, Belgium, Jul. 1997).
PAN, Z. and T. BASAR. Backstepping controller design for nonlinear stochastic systems under a risk-sensitive cost criterion. Proc. 1997 Amer. Contr. Conf. (Albuquerque, N. Mex., Jun. 1997) 1278-1282 (1997).
SPONG, M. W. and T. GROENEWALD. An experimental evaluation of Riemannian curvature based feedback linearization for a direct drive manipulator. IFAC-IFIP-IMACS Conf. on Contr. of Indus. Syst. (Belfort, France, May 1997) 643-647 (1997).
TEZCAN, I. E. and T. BASAR. Disturbance attenuating adaptive controllers for parametric strict feedback nonlinear systems with output measurements. Proc. 1997 Amer. Contr. Conf. (Albuquerque, N. Mex., Jun. 1997) 823-827 (1997).
XIAO, M. and T. BASAR. Viscosity supersolutions of a class of Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equations arising in nonlinear H · control. Proc. 36th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Contr. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997) 1761-1766 (1997).
XIAO, M. and T. BASAR. H · boundary control of parabolic systems with sampled state information. 103rd Ann. Mtg. Amer. Math. Soc. (San Diego, Calif., Jan. 1997).
Digital Signal and Image Processing
CHEN, L. S., T. S. HUANG, and J. OSTERMANN. Animated talking head with personalized 3D model. Proc. IEEE Wkshp. on Multimedia Signal Process. (Princeton, N. J., Jun. 1997) 274-279 (1997).
COLMENAREZ, A. J. and T. S. HUANG. Face detection with information-based maximum discrimination. Proc. Comput. Vision and Pattern Recognit. (San Juan, Puerto Rico, Jun. 1997) 782-787 (1997).
COLMENAREZ, A. J., R. LOPEZ, and T. S. HUANG. 3D model-based head tracking. Proc. Visual Commun. and Image Process. (San Jose, Calif., Jan. 1997) 426-434 (1997).
GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI, M., R. DENARDO, Y. TENDA, and T. S. HUANG. Resolution enhancement of images using fractal coding. Proc. SPIE Conf. on Visual Commun. and Image Process. (San Jose, Calif., Feb. 1997) 3024, 1089-1100 (1997).
GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI, M. and T. S. HUANG. A system/graph theoretical analysis of attractor coders. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech, and Signal Process. (Munich, Germany, Apr. 1997) 2705-2708 (1997).
HUANG, T. S., C. P. HESS, H. PAN, and Z.-P. LIANG. A neural architecture for information fusion. Proc. 1st Wkshp. on Multimedia Signal Process. (Princeton, N. J., Jun. 1997) 45-50 (1997).
HUANG, T. S. and Y. RUI. Image retrieval: past, present, and future. Int. Symp. on Multimedia Inform. Process. (Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 1997).
JIANG, J., C. D. SCHMITZ, B. A. SCHNAUFER, and W. K. JENKINS. Improved fault coverage for adaptive fault tolerant filters. Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech, and Signal Process. (Munich, Germany, Apr. 1997).
OJIC, N. and T. S. HUANG. Estimating cloth draping parameters from range data. Proc. Int. Wkshp on Synthet.-Natural Hybrid Coding and 3-D Imag. (Sarris et al., eds.) (Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 1997) 73-76 (1997).
LEE, I. and W. K. JENKINS. A VLSI design for an adaptive equalizer using a residue number system architecture for magnet channels. Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Sacramento, Calif. Aug. 1997).
LEW, M. S., M. CHAUDRON, N. HUIJSMANS, A. C. SHE, and T. S. HUANG. Convergence of model based shape from shading. Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Image Anal. and Process. (Florence, Italy, Sept. 1997) 582-587 (1997).
LI, X., W. K. JENKINS, and C. W. THERRIEN. A computationally efficient algorithm for adaptive quadratic volterua filters. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 2184-2187 (1997).
LIANG, Z.-P., Y. HUI, and A. WRIGHT. A wavelet-domain t-test and filtering method for MRI data analysis. Proc. 5th Mtg. Int. Soc. of Magn. Reson. in Med. (Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1997) 1670 (1997).
LIANG, Z.-P., H. PAN, Y. HUI, and R. L. MAGIN. A new algorithm for automated image registration using multiscale segmentation. Proc. 5th Mtg. Int. Soc. of Magn. Reson. in Med. (Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1997) 413 (1997).
LIANG, Z.-P., H. PAN, R. L. MAGIN, and T. S. HUANG. Automated registration of multimodality images by maximization of a region similarity measure. Proc. 1997 IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., 1997) III, 272-275 (1997).
LOPEZ, R., A. J. COLMENAREZ, and T. S. HUANG. Head and feature tracking for model-based video coding. Proc. Int. Wkshp. on Synthet.-Natural Hybrid Coding and 3-D Imag. (Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 1997) 208-211 (1997).
MEHROTRA, S., Y. RUI, K. CHAKRABARTI, M. ORTEGA, and T. S. HUANG. Multimedia analysis and retrieval system. Proc. 3rd Int. Wkshp. on Inform. Retrieval Syst. (Como, Italy, Sept. 1997) 39-45 (1997).
MEHROTRA, S., Y. RUI, M. ORTEGA, and T. S HUANG. Supporting content-based queries over images in MARS. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Multimedia Comput. and Syst. (Ottawa, Ont., Canada, Jun. 1997) 632-633 (1997).
ORTEGA, M., Y. RUI, K. CHAKRABARTI, S. MEHROTRA, and T. S. HUANG. Supporting similarity queries in MARS. Proc. ACM Multimedia 1997 (Seattle, Wash., Nov. 1997) 403-413 (1997).
PAVLOVIC, V., G. BERRY, and T. S. HUANG. Fusion of audio-visual information for human-computer interaction. Proc. Wkshp. on Perceptual User Interfaces (Banff, Alta., Canada, Oct. 1997) 69-71 (1997).
PAVLOVIC, V., G. BERRY, and T. S. HUANG. Integration of audio/visual information for intelligent human-computer interaction. Proc. Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) 121-125 (1997).
RUI, Y., T. S. HUANG, and S. MEHROTRA. Content-based image retrieval with relevance feedback in MARS. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) 815-818 (1997).
RUI, Y., T. S. HUANG, S. MEHROTRA, and M. ORTEGA. A relevance feedback architecture in content-based multimedia information retrieval systems. Proc. IEEE Wkshp. on Content-based Access of Image and Video Libraries (Puerto Rico, Jun. 1997) 82-89 (1997).
RUI, Y., T. S. HUANG, S. MEHROTRA, and M. ORTEGA. Automatic matching tool selection via relevance feedback in MARS. 2nd Int. Conf. on Visual Inform. Syst. (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
SONI, R. A. K. A. GALLIVAN, and W. K. JENKINS. Projection methods for improved performance in FIR adaptive filters. Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Sacramento, Calif., Aug. 1997).
SONI, R. A., K. A. GALLIVAN, and W. K. JENKINS. Projection algorithms for two-dimensional adaptive filtering. 31st Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Syst., and Comput. (Pacific Grove, Calif., Nov. 1997).
SONI, R. A. and W. K. JENKINS. Channel equalization with adaptive filtering and the pre-conditioned conjugate gradient algorithms. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 2284-2287 (1997).
ONI, R. A. and W. K. JENKINS. Projection methods in adaptive signal processing. Proc. Euro. Conf. on Circuit Theory and Des. (Budapest, Hungary, Aug./Sept. 1997) 966-971 (1997).
STROMING, J. W., Y. KANG, T. S. HUANG, and S. M. KANG. New architectures for modified MMR shape coding. 1997 IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Syst. (Hong Kong, Jun. 1997) 1205-1208 (1997).
TAO, H., H. CHEN, and T. S. HUANG. Analysis and compression of facial animation parameter set (FAPs). IEEE Wkshp. on Multimedia Signal Process. (Princeton, N. J., Jun. 1997) 245-250 (1997).
TAO, H., H. CHEN, W. WU, and T. S. HUANG. Coding of MPEG4 facial animation parameters. Proc. Int. Wkshp. on Synthet. and Natural Hybrid Coding and 3-D Imag. (Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 1997) 241-244 (1997).
TAO, H. and T. S. HUANG. Color image edge detection using cluster analysis. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) 1, 834-836 (1997).
TAO, H. and T. S. HUANG. Modeling spatial-temporal patterns in facial articulation. Proc. IEEE CVPR'97 Nonrigid and Articulated Motion Wkshp. (Puerto Rico, Jun. 1997) 54-60 (1997).
TAO, H. and T. S. HUANG. Motion patterns in face animation. Proc. IJCAI Wkshp. on Animated Interface Agents: Make Them Intelligent (Nagoya, Japan, Aug. 1997) 99-105 (1997).
TAO, H., R. LOPEZ, and T. S. HUANG. Facial feature tracking under varying poses using Bayesian nets. Proc. Int. Wkshp. on Coding Tech. for Very Low Bit-Rate Video (Linkoping, Sweden, Jul. 1997) 65-68 (1997).
ZELLER, M., J. PHILLIPS, A. DALKE, W. HUMPHREY, K. SCHULTEN, R. SHARMA, T. S. HUANG, and V. I. PAVLOVIC. A visual computing environment for very large scale biomolecular modeling. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Appl.-Specific Syst., Archit. and Processors (Zurich, Switzerland, Jul. 1997) 3-12 (1997).
Electromagnetic Communication and Electronics Packaging
. Analysis of frequency-dependent transmission lines using rational approximation and recursive convolution. IEEE Wkshp. on Signal Propagat. in Interconnects (Travemunde, Germany, May 1997).
. Integrating data obtained from electromagnetic field analysis into circuit simulations. Proc. 13th Ann. Rev. of Progr. in Appl. Computat. Electromag., 156-63 (1997).
CANGELLARIS, A. C. Electrical design issues for mixed-signal packaging. Proc. Pacific Rim/ASME Int. Intersociety Electron. and Photon. Pkg. Conf. (Hawaii, Jun. 1997) 733-738 (1997).
CANGELLARIS, A. C. Electrical modeling and simulation for mixed-signal interconnect and packaging. Proc. Int. Conf. on Innovative Syst. in Silicon (Austin, Tex., Oct. 1997) 82-94 (1997).
CANGELLARIS, A. and M. CELIK. A new methodology for direct modeling of radiation coupling to interconnects using SPICE. Proc. 12th Int. Zurich Symp. on Electromagn. Compatibility (Zurich, Switzerland, Feb. 1997) 523-528 (1997).
CANGELLARIS, A. C., W. PINELLO, and A. RUEHLI. Circuit-based description and modeling of electromagnetic noise effects in packaged low-power electronics. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Comput. Des.: VLSI in Comput. and Processors (Austin, Tex., Oct. 1997) 136-142 (1997).
CANGELLARIS, A. C. and J. L. PRINCE. Modeling and simulation for mixed-signal packaging. Proc. Pacific Rim/ASME Int. Intersociety Electron. and Photon. Pkg. Conf. (Hawaii, Jun. 1997) 497-504 (1997).
HASAN, S., A. C. CANGELLARIS, R. KAW, and W. PINELLO. Effects of heat spreader on electrical characteristics of tape-BGA packages. Proc. 6th IEEE Topical Mtg. on Electr. Perform. of Electron. Pkg. (San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997) 153-156 (1997).
LIANG, T. and A. C. CANGELLARIS. Transient simulation of noise interactions in printed circuits. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. and URSI North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997).
TSUEI, Y.-S. and A. C. CANGELLARIS. Quantification of interconnect coupling machanisms in multilayer substrates with perforated ground planes. Proc. 47th Electron. Components and Technol. Conf. (San Jose, Calif., May 1997) 810-816 (1997); also, 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. and URSI North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997).
VAKANAS, L., S. HASAN, A. C. CANGELLARIS, and J. L. PRINCE. Effects of floating planes in three-dimensional packaging structures on simultaneous switching noise. Proc. 47th Electron. Components and Technol. Conf. (San Jose, Calif., May 1997) 826-831 (1997).
Electromagnetics
CANGELLARIS, A. C. and L. ZHAO. Application of Pade via Lanczos process to rapid broadband simulation of distributed electromagnetic systems. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. and URSI North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul 1997).
CANGELLARIS, A. C. and L. ZHAO. Reduced-order modeling of electromagnetic systems with Pade via Lanczos approximation. Proc. 13th Ann. Rev. of Progr. in Appl. Computat. Electromagn. (Monterey, Calif., Mar. 1997) 148-155 (1997).
CHEN, F.-C. and W. C. CHEW. Ultra-wideband imaging radar system. 1997 North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. Program and Abstr. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 13 (1997).
CHEN, J. and J. M. JIN. Calculation of SAR and B1-field within human head excited by MRI birdcage coils. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 2, 1210-1213 (1997).
CHEN, S. Y. and W. C. CHEW. Inversion of 6FF40 induction tool measurement using the distorted Born iterative method. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 3, 1714-1717 (1997).
CHEN, Y. H. and W. C. CHEW. Application of the FMM technique to elastic wave surface integral equations. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 2, 780 (1997).
CHEN, Y. H. and W. C. CHEW. Fast multipole as an efficient solver for 2D elastic wave surface integral equations. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 314 (1997).
CHEW, W. C. Nonlinear inverse scattering from one dimension to three dimensions. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 34 (1997).
CHEW, W. C. and Y. H. CHEN. Transient modeling of subsurface EM problems using the finite-difference method. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 1, 618 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., J. M. JIN, and E. MICHIELSSEN. Complex coordinate system as a generalized absorbing boundary condition. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 3, 2060-2063 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., J. M. JIN, and E. MICHIELSSEN. Complex coordinate system as a generalized absorbing boundary condition. Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 2, 909 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., S. KOC, J. M. SONG, C. C. LU, and E. MICHIELSSEN. A succinct way to diagonalize the translation matrix in three dimensions. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 3, 2072-2075 (1997).
CHEW, W. C. and Q. H. LIU. Perfectly matched layers for elastodynamics. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 198 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., M. ORISTAGLIO, and T. WANG. PML-FDTD simulation for dispersive, inhomogeneous, and conductive media. Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 1, 335 (1997); also, Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 797 (1997).
CHEW, W. C., F. L. TEIXEIRA, M. STRAKA, M. L. ORISTAGLIO, and T. WANG. Parallel 3D PML-FDTD simulation of GPR on dispersive, inhomogeneous and conductive media. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 1, 380 (1997).
CHUANG, S. L., C. S. CHANG, J. MINCH, and W. FANG. Amplified spontaneous emission spectroscopy of strained quantum-well lasers: theory and experiment. Invited paper, Proc. SPIE Conf. (San Jose, Calif., 1997).
DENG, S. H., W. C. CHEW, J. SONG, and C. LU. Solving some surface integral equations by using MOM with curved triangular patches. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 3, 1818-1821 (1997).
FANG, W., S. L. CHUANG, T. TANBYN-EK, and Y. K. CHEN. Modeling and experiment of 1.55 m integrated electroabsorption modulator with distributed-feedback laser. Proc. SPIE Conf. (San Jose, Calif., 1997).
FORGY, E. A., J. CHEN, W. C. CHEW, and J. M. JIN. A comparison of the BCG-FFT and FD-TD methods for the 3-D human head absorption problem. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 2, 1202-1205 (1997).
GREENWOOD, A. D. and J. M. JIN. Hybrid MoM/SBR method to compute scattering from a slot array antenna in a complex geometry. Proc. 13th Ann. Rev. of Progr. in Appl. Computat. Electromagn. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 1, 696-704 (1997); also, Digest 1997 URSI Radio Sci. Mtg. (Montreal, Que., Canada, 1997) 178 (1997).
JANDHYALA, V., E. MICHIELSSEN, and W. C. CHEW. A hybrid fast steepest descent multipole algorithm for analyzing 3-D scattering from rough surfaces. Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 2, 974 (1997).
JANDHYALA, V., B. SHANKER, E. MICHIELSSEN, and W. C. CHEW. A combined steepest descent-fast multipole algorithm for the analysis of three-dimensional scattering by rough surfaces. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 4, 2308-2311 (1997).
JANDHYALA, V., B. SHANKER, E. MICHIELSSEN, and W. C. CHEW. An O(N) multilevel technique for the rapid analysis of scattering from random rough surfaces. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 506 (1997).
JIN, J.-M. S. CAROLAN, and W. C. CHEW. Complementary perfectly matched layers for use as an absorbing boundary condition. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Hong Kong, Jan. 1997) 1, 44 (1997).
JIN, J.-M., G. X. FAN, F. LING, C. C. LU, J. M. SONG, and W. C. CHEW. A hybrid SBR/MoM technique for analysis of scattering from small protrusions on a large conducting surface. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 186 (1997).
JIN, J.-M., X. Q. SHENG, and W. C. CHEW. Complementary perfectly matched layers for use as an absorbing boundary condition. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Hong Kong, Jan. 1997).
LIN, J. H. and W. C. CHEW. Three-dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering by local shape function method with CGFFT. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Hong Kong, Jan. 1997) 1, 82 (1997).
LING, F., X. Q. SHENG, and J. M. JIN. Hybrid MoM/SBR and FEM/SBR methods for scattering by large bodies with inhomogeneous protrusions. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 2, 644-647 (1997).
LU, C. C. and W. C. CHEW. Acceleration of the convergence rate for the iterative solution of EM scattering from objects with open-end activities. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Hong Kong, Jan. 1997) 1, 45 (1997).
LU, C. C. and W. C. CHEW. A near-resonance decoupling approach (NRDA) for scattering solution of objects with cavities. Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 2, 995 (1997).
LU, C. C., W. C. CHEW, and H. LING. A near-resonance decoupling approach (NRDA) for scattering solution of 3D near resonant structures. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 2, 808 (1997).
MINCH, J., C. S. CHANG, and S. L. CHUANG. Wavelength conversion using distributed-feedback lasers. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Baltimore, Md., 1997).
MINCH, J., C. S. CHANG, and S. L. CHUANG. Wavelength conversion using two-pump four-wave mixing in a double-moded distributed-feedback laser. Laser and Electro-Optics Soc. Ann. Mtg. (San Fransisco, Calif., Nov. 1997) MN3 (1997).
PINELLO, W., A. RUEHLI, and A. C. CANGELLARIS. Stabilization of time domain solutions of EFIE based on partial element equivalent circuit models. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest.
SHANKER, B., S.-K. HAN, E. MICHIELSSEN, and W. C. CHEW. A fast multipole approach to computing scattering from an inhomogeneous bianisotropic cylindrical object using Beltrami fields. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 2, 902-905 (1997).
SHANKER, B., E. MICHIELSSEN, and W. C. CHEW. Scattering from inhomogeneous chiral cylindrical composites sing axial Beltrami fields and the fast multipole method. Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 2, 774 (1997).
SONG, J. M., C. C. LU, and W. C. CHEW. MLFMA for electromagnetic scattering with the impedance boundary condition. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Hong Kong, Jan. 1997) 1, 46 (1997).
SONG, J. M., C. C. LU, W. C. CHEW, and S. W. LEE. Fast Illinois solver code (FISC). Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 2, 966 (1997).
SONG, J. M., X. Q. SHENG, C.-C. LU, W. C. CHEW, and J.-M. JIN. Fast multipole method for large penetrable scatterers. 1997 North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. Progr. and Abstr. (Montreal, Que., Canada, 1997) 66 (1997).
TEIXEIRA, F. L. and W. C. CHEW. Perfectly matched layer in cylindrical coordinates. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 3, 1908-1911 (1997).
WANG, C. F. and J. M. JIN. Efficient computation of electromagnetic fields in arbitrarily-shaped, inhomogeneous dielectric bodies using transpose-free QMR and FFT. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 1, 72-75 (1997).
WEEDON, W. J., M. A. KAGALENKO, V. DRUSKIN, and W. C. CHEW. A time-domain spectral Lanczos decomposition method (SLDM) algorithm for complex media employing the PML. Proc. Progr. in Electromagn. Res. Symp. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997) 525 (1997).
ZHAO, J. S., W. C. CHEW, C. C. LU, E. MICHIELSSEN, and J. M. SONG. Multilevel fast-multipole algorithm for solving microstrip structures. 1997 North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. Progr. and Abstr. (Montreal, Que., Canada, 1997) 73 (1997).
ZHAO, L. and A. C. CANGELLARIS. The generalized theory of perfectly matched layers (GT-PML): numerical reflection analysis and optimization. 1997 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Jul. 1997) 1997 Digest, 1896-1899 (1997).
ZUNOUBI, M., J.-M. JIN, and W. C. CHEW. The spectral Lanczos decomposition method for solving low-frequency electromagnetic diffusion by the finite element method. Proc. 1997 ACES Conf. (Monterey, Calif., 1997) 1, 598 (1997).
ZUNOUBI, M., J.-M. JIN, and W. C. CHEW. The spectral Lanczos decomposition for solving 3-D low-frequency electromagnetic diffusion by the finite-element method. 1997 North Amer. Radio Sci. Mtg. Progr. and Abstr. (Montreal, Que., Canada, 1997) 39 (1997).
Engineering Education
GRAHAM, C. R. and T. N. TRICK. An innovative approach to asynchronous learning using Mallard: application of Java applets in a freshman course. Invited paper, ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Educ. Conf. (Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 1997).
LOUI, M.C. The engineer's responsibility for quality. Engineering Foundation Conf. on Ethics for Sci. and Engr. Based Int. Indus. (Durham, N. C., Sept. 1997).
TRICK, T. N., C. R. GRAHAM, and D. J. BROWN. On-campus learning enhancement with Mallard. Invited paper, 1997 Nat. Commun. Forum (Chicago, Ill., Oct. 1997).
Gaseous Electronics
GRAPPERHAUS, M. J. and M. J. KUSHNER. A meso-scale model for bulk plasma and surface chemistry in Cl2 etching of poly-Si. 44th Nat. Symp., Amer. Vac. Soc. (San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997).
GRAPPERHAUS, M. J. and M. J. KUSHNER. Modeling of the effects of die scale features on bulk plasma conditions in plasma etching equipment. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
HOEKSTRA, R. J., V. SUKHAREV, and M. J. KUSHNER. Modeling of 2-D and 3-D etch profiles in high density plasma reactors. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calf., May 1997).
HOEKSTRA, R. J., V. SUKHAREV, P. SHOENBORN, and M. J. KUSHNER. Profile modeling and comparison to experiments for microtrenching in Cl2 etching of Si in an inductively coupled plasma reactor. 44th Nat. Symp., Amer. Vac. Soc. (San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997).
KEITER, E. R., W. N. G. HITCHON, and M. J. KUSHNER. Investigations of nonlocal kinetics within a fully self-consistent plasma model. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997).
KEITER, E. R., H. H. HWANG, and M. J. KUSHNER. Simulations of particle trapping produced by 3-dimensional structures in plasma tools. 44th Nat. Symp., Amer. Vac. Soc. (San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997).
KEITER, E. R. and M. J. KUSHNER. Approximate, semi-implicit calculation of 3-D electrostatic potential in a self-consistent plasma simulation. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
KEITER, E. R. and M. J. KUSHNER. Investigations of 3-D asymmetries in rf biased inductively coupled plasma tools using a new ambipolar acceleration technique. 44th Nat. Symp., Amer. Vac. Soc. (San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997).
KEITER, E. R. and M. J. KUSHNER. Statistical parametric study of non-parallel inductive reactors. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
KEITER, E. R. and M. J. KUSHNER. Study of plasma transport around dust particles with complex shapes with irregular substrate geometry. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997).
KINDER, R. and M. J. KUSHNER. Simulations of remote Ar/O2 and Ar/N2O plasmas for oxide growth and interface treatments. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997).
KUSHNER, M. J. Database requirements for modeling and diagnostics of plasma materials processing. 24th Ann. UK Plasma Phys. Conf. (Leeds, England, Mar. 1997).
KUSHNER, M. J. A history of modeling and simulation for plasma processing: a personal perspective. 23rd Tegal Plasma Process. Symp. (San Francisco, Calif., Jul. 1997).
KUSHNER, M. J. Modeling study of asymmetric plasma properties produced by pumping and gas injection in inductively coupled plasmas. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997).
KUSHNER, M. J. 3-dimensional integrated plasma equipment models. Int. Conf. on Reactive Plasmas (Nara, Japan, Jan. 1997).
KUSHNER, M. J., M. J. GRAPPERHAUS, R. J. HOEKSTRA, and S. RAUF. One approach to resolving reactor to sub-micron scales in simulation of plasma etching for microelectronics fabrication. Conf. on Multiscale Phenomena in Sci. and Engr. (Baton Rouge, La., Feb. 1997).
RAUF, S., M. J. GRAPPERHAUS, R. J. HOEKSTRA, and M. J. KUSHNER. Simulation tools for the design and analysis of plasma processing equipment. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
RAUF, S and M. J. KUSHNER. Analytical investigation on non-collisional heating. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. Effect of plasma processing reactor circuitry on plasma characteristics. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. Feedback control of inductively coupled plasma reactors. 44th Nat. Symp., Amer. Vac. Soc. (San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. A general circuit model for rf plasma processing equipment. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997).
RAUF, S. and M. J. KUSHNER. Numerical investigation of feedback control in plasma processing reactors. 191st Mtg. Electrochem. Soc. (Montreal, Que., Canada, May 1997).
SNODGRASS, T. G., D. E. ARNOOTT, J. L. SHOHET, J. H. BOOSKE, and M. J. KUSHNER. A plasma purification method for plasma source ion implantation doping of semiconductors. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
XU, X. and M. J. KUSHNER. Modeling of plasma remediation of VOCs in dielectric barrier discharges. Int. Conf. on Plasma Sci. (San Diego, Calif., May 1997).
XU, X. and M. J. KUSHNER. Predictions of microstreamer properties in dielectric barrier discharges. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997).
ZHANG, D., M. DALVIE, and M. J. KUSHNER. Simulation of plasma enhanced CVD with irregular substrate geometry. 50th Gaseous Electron. Conf. (Madison, Wis., Oct. 1997) Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc., 42, 1708 (1997).
High-Frequency Devices and Integrated Circuits
AHMARI, D. A., M. T. FRESINA, Q. J. HARTMANN, D. W. BARLARGE, M. FENG, and G. E. STILLMAN. Collector thickness effects on the performance and manufacturability of InGaP/GaAs HBTs. Proc. 1997 Int. Conf. on GaAs Mfg. Technol. (San Francisco, Calif., 1997) 66-69 (1997).
BARLAGE, D. W., M. S. HEINS, J. H. MU, M. T. FRESINA, D. A. AHMARI, Q. J. HARTMANN, G. E. STILLMAN, and M. FENG. Ultra low power (2 mW) noise performance of InGaP/GaAs HBT. 24th Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (San Diego, Calif., Sept. 1997).
CHANG, W. H., J. H. MU, M. HEINS, and M. FENG. 64 Gbit/sec GaAs integrated DANE receiver/laser driver. Invited paper, Proc. SPIE Conf., 3005, 334-353 (1997).
FENG, M., D. CARUTH, H. HSIA, and J. FENDRICH. Real space transfer noise of GaAs p-HEMTs. 24th Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (San Diego, Calif, Sept. 1997).
FRESINA, M. T., Q. J. HARTMANN, D. A. AHMARI, D. W. BARLARGE, M. S. HEINS, M. FENG, and G. E. STILLMAN. Manufacturability of the InGaP/GaAs HBTs dual etch-stop emitter ledge (DESL). Proc. 1997 Int. Conf. on GaAs Mfg. Technol. (San Francisco, Calif., 1997) 106-109 (1997).
HEINS, M. S., D. W. BARLAGE, M. T. FRESINA, D. A. AHMARI, Q. L. HARTMANN, G. E. STILLMAN, and M. FENG. Low phase noise Ka-band VCOs using InGaP/GaAs HBTs and coplanar waveguide. Proc. 1997 IEEE Radio Freq. Integrated Circuits Symp., 215-218 (1997).
HSIA, H., J. R. MIDDLETON, R. SHIMON, D. SCHERRER, M. HEINS, D. CARUTH, J. FENDRICH, and M. FENG. Manufacturable solution for low cost millimeter-wave ICs. Proc. 1997 Int. Conf. on GaAs Mfg. Technol. (San Francisco, Calif., 1997) 110-113 (1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K., S. KIM, T. U. HORTON, H. C. KUO, S. THOMAS, S. L. JACKSON, A. P. CURTIS, S. G. BISHOP, M. FENG, G. E. STILLMAN, Y. C. CHANG, and H. C. LIU. Growth and characterization of interfaces in p-type InGaAs/InP quantum well infrared photodetectors with ultra-thin quantum wells. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 450, 225-230 (1997).
SHIMON, R., D. SCHERRER, D. CARUTH, J. MIDDLETON, H. HSIA, and M. FENG. Accurate passive component models in coplanar waveguide for 50 GHz MMICs. 1997 IEEE MTT-S Digest, 769-772 (1997).
Magnetic Resonance
CHEN, J., Z. FENG, R. L. MAGIN, and J. M. JIN. Numerical analysis of SAR and B1-field inhomogeneity of shielded rf birdcage coils loaded with the human head. Int. Sci. Mtg. on Electromagn. in Med. (Chicago, Ill., Nov. 1997).
GRANT, S. C., T. L. PECK, W. FUNK, R. MAGIN, J. SWEEDLER, B. BEHNIA, and A. G. WEBB. NMR imaging using solenoidal microcoils. 38th ENC (Orlando, Fla., 1997).
JIN, J. M., J. CHEN, W. C. CHEW, R. L. MAGIN, and P. J. DIMBYLOW. 3D electromagnetic modeling for high-frequency MRI applications. Int. Soc. for Magn. Reson. in Med. 5th Sci. Mtg. (Vancouver, B. C., Canada, Apr. 1997).
WEBB, A. G., R. L. MAGIN, K. KOLBECK, and K. S. SUSLICK. Magnetic resonance measurements of microwave heating in vivo. Int. Sci. Mtg. on Electromagn. in Med. (Chicago, Ill., Nov. 1997).
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
BEEBE, D. J., R. L. MAGIN, and J. SWEEDLER. Progress towards an integrated microsystem for capillary electrophoresis and NMR detection. Joint ASME/ASCE/SES Summer Mtg., Symp. on Fluidic MEMS (Northwestern Univ., Jun./Jul. 1997).
BEEBE, D. J. and H. TANG. A tactile choring system for the dismounted soldier. Proc. Adv. Displays and Interactive Display Federated Lab Consortium Ann. Symp. (Adelphi, Md., Jan. 1997) P-33-P-42 (1997).
EASLEY, K. D., A. R. WILLIAMS, D. J. BEEBE, and L. WANG. Micro-labeling of bovine embryos: polysilicon micro-chip biocompatibility. J. Animal Sci., 75 (suppl. 1), 18 (1997).
LIU, C. Integration of a MEMS education curriculum with interdisciplinary research. Proc. 12th Biennial Univ./Govt./Indus. Microelectron. Symp. (Rochester, N. Y., 1997) 137-140 (1997).
LIU, C., T. TSAO, and Y. C. TAI. A high-yield drying process for surface microstructures using active levitation. Digest of Tech. Papers, 1997 Int. Conf. on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, 241-244 (1997).
LIU, R., D. J. BEEBE, and N. SOTTOS. In-plane stress/strain analysis of silicon tactile sensors using Moire interferometry. ASME Winter Ann. Mtg., Appl. Mech. Div. (Nov. 1997).
LIU, R., M. VASILE, J. GOETTERT, and D. J. BEEBE. Fabrication of microchannel plates by the LIGA process. 1997 Electrochem. Soc. Graduate Student Symp. (Apr. 1997).
LIU, R., M. VASILE, J. GOETTERT, and D. J. BEEBE. Investigation of the LIGA process to fabricate microchannel plate. 9th Int. Conf. on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Chicago, Ill., Jun. 1997).
TANG, H., D. J. BEEBE, and A. F. KRAMER. Comparison of tactile and visual feedback for a multi-state input mechanism. 19th Ann. Int. Conf., IEEE Engr. Med. in Biol. Soc. (Chicago, Ill., May 1997).
WANG, L. and D. J. BEEBE. Bovine embryo labeling using microfabrication techniques. 1997 Electrochem. Soc. Graduate Student Symp. (Apr. 1997).
Power and Energy Systems
CUNNINGHAM, E. J. and P. W. SAUER. Modelling of transformers operating in saturation. Proc. EIC and EMCWA Conf. (Rosemont, Ill., Sept. 1997) 655-660 (1997).
GREENE, S., I. DOBSON, F. L. ALVARADO, and P. W. SAUER. Initial concepts for applying sensitivity to transfer capability. NSF Wkshp. on ATC (Urbana, Ill., Jun. 1997).
GREUEL, M., R. A. MUYSHONDT, and P. T. KREIN. Design approaches to boundary controllers. Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Specialist Conf. (St. Louis, Mo., Jun. 1997) 672-678 (1997).
GROSS, G. ATC challenges. Wkshp. on Available Transfer Capability (Urbana, Ill., Jun. 1997).
GROSS, G. Bidding in perfectly competitive electricity markets. Energy Modeling Forum (Stanford, Univ., Jan. 1997).
GROSS, G. (ed.). Proceedings of the NSF Workshop on Available Transfer Capability (Urbana, Ill., Jun. 1997).
KHUTORYANSKY, E. and M. A. PAI. Hurwitz stability in the P-Q plane of a power system using the edge theorem. North Amer. Power Symp. (Laramie, Wyo., Oct. 1997).
KHUTORYANSKY, E. and M. A. PAI. Parametric robust stability using generalized Kharitonov's theorem. 34th IEEE CDC (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
KIMBALL, J. and P. T. KREIN. Real-time optimization of dead time for motor control inverters. Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Specialist Conf. (St. Louis, Mo., Jun. 1997) 597-600 (1997).
KREIN, P. T. Welcoming address. IEEE Power Electron. Specialists Conf. (St. Louis, Mo., Jun. 1997).
LAUFENBERG, M. J. and M. A. PAI. A new approach to dynamic security assessment using trajectory sensitivities. Proc. IEEE PES Power Indus. Comput. Appl. (PICA) Conf. (Columbus, Ohio, May 1997) 272-278 (1997).
MIDYA, P., P. T. KREIN, and M. GREUEL. Sensorless current-mode control--an observer-based technique for converters. Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Specialists. Conf. (St. Louis, Mo., Jun. 1997) 197-202 (1997).
OVERBYE, T. J., P. W. SAUER, G. GROSS, M. J. LAUFENBERG, and J. D. WEBER. A simulation tool for analysis of alternative paradigms for the new electricity business. Proc. 30th Ann. Hawaii Int. Conf. on Syst. Sci. (Jan. 1997) 5, 589-593 (1997).
PAI, M. A. and H. DAG. Iterative solver techniques in large-scale power system computation. 34th IEEE CDC (San Diego, Calif., Dec. 1997).
PAI, M. A. and S. S. PRABHU. Power system stability by direct method: from Lyapunov to Kharitonov. Int. Conf. on Comput. Appl. in Electr. Engr.--Recent Advances (Roorkee, India, Sept. 1997).
PASCUAL, C. and P. T. KREIN. Battery management for laptops and telecom. Portable Power 97 for Commun. (London, England, Nov. 1997).
PASCUAL, C. and P. T. KREIN. Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization. Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. (Atlanta, Ga., Feb. 1997) 848-854 (1997).
SAUER, P. W. Technical challenges of computing available transfer capability (ATC) in electric power systems. Proc. 30th Ann. Hawaii Int. Conf. on Syst. Sci. (Jan. 1997) 5, 589-593 (1997).
TIAN, Y. and G. GROSS. Simulation of the multi-node open access same time information system. Proc. 30th Ann. Hawaii Int. Conf. on Syst. Sci. (Jan. 1997) 5, 641-647 (1997).
WEBER, J. D. and T. J. OVERBYE. Power system visualization through contour plots. Proc. North Amer. Power Symp. (Laramie, Wyo., Oct. 1997) 457-463 (1997).
Semiconductor Lasers
COLEMAN, J. MOCVD growth of InP-based structures. 9th Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997).
JONES, A. M., B. LENT, A. H. MOORE, W. A. BONNER, and J. J. COLEMAN. 1.15 m strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs-InGaP buried heterostructure lasers grown on ternary InGaAs substrates by selective-area MOCVD. 8th Biennial Wkshp. on Organometal. Vapor Phase Epitaxy (Dana Point, Calif., Apr. 1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Trap-mediated site-selective excitation of photoluminescence from multiple Er3+ sites in Er-implanted GaN. 24th Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (Coronado, Calif., Sept. 1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, D. A. TURNBULL, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Site-selective photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectroscopy of Er-implanted wurtzite GaN. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 468, 1131-1136 (1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Characterization of ion-implanted GaN by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. IEEE Summer Topical Mtg. on Gallium Nitride Mater., Process. and Devices (Montreal, Que., Canada, Aug. 1997).
KIM, S., D. A. TURNBULL, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Photoluminescence and photoluminescence exciation spectroscopy of As-grown Cr- and Er-implanted MOCVD GaN films. Mater. Res. Soc. Spring Mtg. (San Francisco, Calif., Mar./Apr. 1997).
KIM, S., D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation studies of Er-implanted GaN MOCVD films. 4th Wide Bandgap and Nitride Wkshp. (St. Louis, Mo., Mar 1997).
KIM, S., D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Temperature dependence of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy in As-grown and ion-implanted MOCVD GaN films. Wkshp. on Wide Bandgap Semicond.: Defects and Fundam. Parameters (Research Triangle Park, N. C., Jan. 1997).
KIM, Y. D., F. NAKAMURA, D. V. FORBES, and J. J. COLEMAN. Surface photoabsorption monitoring of the growth of GaAs and InGaAs at 650°C by MOCVD. 8th Biennial Wkshp. on Organometal. Vapor Phase Epitaxy (Dana Point, Calif., Apr. 1997).
KRAINAK, M. A., D. M. CORNWELL, J. J. COLEMAN, P. D. DRAGIC, A. ANDRAWIS, T. Y. FAN, and J. J. ZAYHOWSKI. Candidate laser transmitters for the remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor from the surface of Mars. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics '97 (Baltimore, Md., May 1997).
LAMMERT, R. M. Monolithic integration of InGaAs-GaAs MQW DBR lasers with external cavity electroabsorption modulators. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics '97 (San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 1997).
LAMMERT, R. M., J. S. HUGHES, S. D. ROH, M. L. OSOWSKI, A. M. JONES, and J. J. COLEMAN. Low-threshold narrow-linewidth InGaAs-GaAs ridge-waveguide DBR lasers with first-order surface gratings. Conf. on Lasers and electro-Optics '97 (Baltimore, Md., May 1997).
LAMMERT, R. M., A. M. JONES, C. T. YOUTSEY, J. S. HUGHES, S. D. ROH, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. InGaAsP-InP ridge-waveguide DBR lasers with first-order surface gratings fabricated using CAIBE. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics '97 (San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 1997).
LAMMERT, R. M., S. D. ROH, J. S. HUGHES, M. L. OSOWSKI, and J. J. COLEMAN. Monolithic integration of MQW DBR lasers with external cavity electroabsorption modulators without modification of the active region. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics '97 (Baltimore, Md., May 1997).
LI, X., S. KIM, S. G. BISHOP, and J. J. COLEMAN. On the incorporation of As in GaN films by conventional MOCVD. 1997 Summer Topical Mtg. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Aug. 1997).
LI, X., S. KIM, E. E. REUTER, S. G. BISHOP, and J. J. COLEMAN. Growth and characterization of isoelectronic impurity doped GaN, a possible alternative to InGaN. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. on Nitride Semicond. (Boston, Mass., Dec. 1997).
LI, X., S. D. ROH, and J. J. COLEMAN. Characteristics of GaN stripes grown by selective-area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. 8th Biennial Wkshp. on Organometal. Vapor Phase Epitaxy (Dana Point, Calif., Apr. 1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., J. S. HUGHES, R. M. LAMMERT, and J. J. COLEMAN. An asymmetric cladding gain-coupled DFB laser with oxide defined metal surface grating by MOCVD. Lasers and Electro-Optics Soc. Mtg. (San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., R. PANNEPUCCI, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. A strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs asymmetric cladding gain-coupled DFB laser by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics '97 (Baltimore, Md., May 1997).
OSOWSKI, M. L., R. PANNEPUCCI, E. E. REUTER, S. G. BISHOP, I. ADESIDA, and J. J. COLEMAN. Fabrication and characterization of InGaAs-GaAs quantum wire arrays by selective-area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. SPIE Proc., 2918, 166-181 (1997).
PURCHASE, K. G., S. D. ROH, D. J. BRADY, and J. J. COLEMAN. Distributed Bragg pulse shaper for ultrafast packet generation. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics '97 (Baltimore, Md., May 1997).
Semiconductor Materials and Devices
KUO, H. C., S. THOMAS, A. P. CURTIS, C. H. LIN, T. U. HORTON, and G. E. STILLMAN. Structural and optical properties of 1.3 m wavelength InAsP/InP/InGaP strain-compensated MQW's grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. 9th Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997).
KUO, H. C., S. THOMAS, T. U. HORTON, B. G. MOSER, C. H. LIN, H. CHEN, and G. E. STILLMAN. Structural and optical properties of 1.3 m wavelength InAsP/InP/InGaP strain-compensated MQW modulators grown by GSMBE. 16th North Amer. Conf. on Molec. Beam Epitaxy (Ann Arbor, Mich., Oct. 1997).
THOMAS, S., H. C. KUO, A. P. CURTIS, W. WU, J. R. TUCKER, and G. E. STILLMAN. Effect of gas switching on InP/InGaAs intefaces during CBE growth. 9th Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997).
Semiconductor Physics
BISHOP, S. G. Photoluminescence studies of rare earth dopants in crystalline and amorphous semiconductors. Amer. Vac. Soc. Mtg. (Detroit, Mich., May 1997).
BOUCAUD, P., S. SAUVAGE, O. GAUTHIER-LAFAYE, Z. MOUSSA, F. H. JULIEN, F. GLOTIN, J.-M. ORTEGE, R. PLANEL, V. BERGER, J. NAGLE, and J. P. LEBURTON. Optically pumped intersubband lasers in infrared applications of semiconductors-material, processing and devices. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 450 (Manasreh, Myers, and Julien, eds.) (1997).
GRUPEN, M. and K. HESS. Simulating the modulation response of quantum well laser diodes. Inst. of Phys. Conf. Ser., 155, 641-646 (1997).
ISHWAR, P. and P. MOULIN. Switched control-grid interpolation for motion-compensated video coding. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) III, 650-653 (1997).
JONES, A. M., B. LENT, A. H. MOORE, W. A. BONNER, and J. J. COLEMAN. 1.15 m strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs-InGaP buried heterostructure lasers grown on ternary InGaAs substrates by selective-area MOCVD. 8th Biennial Wkshp. on Organometal. Vapor Phase Epitaxy (Dana Point, Calif., Apr. 1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Trap-mediated site-selective excitation of photoluminescence from multiple Er3+ sites in Er-implanted GaN. Proc. Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (San Diego, Calif., Sept. 1997) (1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, D. A. TURNBULL, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Site-selective photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectroscopy of Er-implanted wurtzite GaN. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 468, 1131-1136 (1997).
KIM, S., S. J. RHEE, D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Characterization of ion-implanted GaN by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. IEEE Summer Topical Mtg. on Gallium Nitride Mater., Process. and Devices (Montreal, Que., Canada, Aug. 1997).
KIM, S., D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation studies of Er-implanted GaN MOCVD films. 4th Wide Bandgap and Nitride Wkshp. (St. Louis, Mo., Mar 1997).
KIM, S., D. A. TURNBULL, E. E. REUTER, X. LI, J. J. COLEMAN, and S. G. BISHOP. Temperature dependence of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy in As-grown and ion-implanted MOCVD GaN films. Wkshp. on Wide Bandgap Semicond.: Defects and Fundam. Parameters (Research Triangle Park, N. C., Jan. 1997).
KLEIN, B., L. F. REGISTER, K. HESS, and D. DEPPE. Theory and modeling of lasing modes in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. 5th Int. Wkshp. on Computational Electronics (Notre Dame, Ind., May 1997).
LAMMERT, R. M. and J. J. COLEMAN. Laser devices by selective-area epitaxy. SPIE Photonics West '97 (San Jose, Calif., Feb. 1997).
LI, X., S. KIM, S. G. BISHOP, and J. J. COLEMAN. On the incorporation of As in GaN films by conventional MOCVD. 1997 Summer Topical Mtg. (Montreal, Que., Canada, Aug. 1997).
LIU, J. and P. MOULIN. Complexity-regularized image denoising. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Process. (Santa Barbara, Calif., Oct. 1997) II, 370-373 (1997).
MACUCCI, M. and K. HESS. Shell-filling effects in circular quantum dots. 5th Int. Wkshp. on Computational Electronics (Notre Dame, Ind., May 1997).
OYAFUSO, F., P. VONALLMEN, M. GRUPEN, and K. HESS. Inclusion of bandstructure and many-body effects in a quantum well laser simulator. 5th Int. Wkshp. on Computational Electronics (Notre Dame, Ind., May 1997).
THEAN, V. Y., S. NAGARAJA, and J. P. LEBURTON. Self-consistent modeling of interface and dopant disorders in delta-doped mesh-gate quantum-dot nanostructures. Symp. on Quantum Confinements, 191st Mtg., Electrochem. Soc. (Montreal, Que., Canada, May 1997).
VON ALLMEN, P., K. HESS, J. W. LYDING, and I. C. KIZILYALLI. Theoretical study of hydrogen and deuterium desorption from a passivated Si (100) surface. Proc. Int. Conf. on Quantum Devices and Circuits (Alexandria, Egypt, 1997) (Ismail, Bandyopadhyay, and Leburton, eds., Imperial College Press, World Scientific) 49-56 (1997).
Semiconductors
AHMARI, D. A., M. L. HATTENDORF, D. F. LEMMERHIRT, Q. YANG, Q. J. HARTMANN, and G. E. STILLMAN. PdGe on GaAs: a study of the applicability in InGaP/GaAs HBT fabrication. 24th Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (San Diego, Calif. (1997).
BISHOP, S. G. Photoluminescence studies of rare earth dopants in crystalline and amorphous semiconductors. Amer. Vac. Soc. Mtg. (Detroit, Mich., May 1997).
BISHOP, S. G. and D. A. TURNBULL. Broad band excitation of rare earth emission in chalcogenide glasses. SPIE Int. Symp. on Optoelectron. '97 (San Jose, Calif., Feb. 1997).
CHENG, K. Y. GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y quantum wire heterostructures formed by strain-induced lateral-layer ordering process. 1997 Joint Int. Mtg., 192nd Mtg., Electrochem. Soc. and 48th Ann. Mtg., Int. Soc. of Electrochem. (Paris, France, Aug./Sept. (1997).
HARTMANN, Q. J., D. A. AHMARI, M. T. FRESINA, J. E. BAKER, and G. E. STILLMAN. Base transportation InGaP/GaAs drift HBTs with a strained InxGa1-xAs base. Proc. 23rd Int. Conf. on Compound Semicond. (St. Petersburg, Russia, Sept. 1996) 471-474 (1997).
HARTMANN, Q. J., D. A. AHMARI, Q. YANG, A. P. CURTIS, and G. E. STILLMAN. InGaP/GaAs carbon-doped hetrostructures for heterojunction bipolar transistors. 3rd Int. Wkshp. on Heterostruct. Epitaxy and Devices '97 (Slovakia, Oct. 1997)
HARTMANN, Q. J., M. T. FRESINA, D. A. AHMARI, S. A. STOCKMAN, J. E. BAKER, D. BARLAGE, H. HWANGBO, A. YUNG, M. FENG, and G. E. STILLMAN. Effects of annealing on the performance of InP/InGaAs HBTs grown by LP-MOCVD. 9th Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997).
HONG, M., J. P. MANNAERTS, J. KWO, A. Y. CHO, L. J. CHOU, K. C. HSIEH, and K. Y. CHENG. Structural properties of Ga2O3(Gd2O3)-GaAs interfaces. 16th North Amer. Conf. on Molec. Beam Epitaxy (Ann Arbor, Mich., Oct. 1997).
HONG, M., J. P. MANNAERTS, M. A. MARCUS, J. KWO, M. SERGENT, A. Y. CHO., L. J. CHOU, K. C. HSIEH, and K. Y. CHENG. Structural properties of Ga2O3(Gd2O3)-GaAs interfaces. 1997 Electron. Mater. Conf. (Fort Collins, Colo., Jun. 1997).
KUO, H. C., S. THOMAS, A. P. CURTIS, C. H. LIN, T. U. HORTON, and G. E. STILLMAN. Optical and structural characterization of InAsP/InGaP strain compensated multiple quantum wells grown by GSMBE. 9th Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997).
KUO, H. C., S. THOMAS, A. P. CURTIS, G. E. STILLMAN, C. H. LIN, and A. CHEN. Growth and characterization of InAsxP1-x/InP strained multiple quantum wells by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. (Boston, Mass., Dec. 1997).
KUO, H. C., S. THOMAS, T. U. HORTON, C. H. LIN, and G. E. STILLMAN. Structural and optical properties of 1.3 m wavelength InAsP/InP/InGaAs strain-compensated MQW modulators grown by GSMBE. 16th North Amer. Conf. on Molec. Beam Epitaxy (Ann Arbor, Mich., Oct. 1997).
MIDDLETON, J. R., H. K. HSIA, D. CARUTH, A. M. MOY, K. Y. CHENG, M. FENG, M. HONG, and J. P. MANNAERTS. Ga2O3/GaAs depletion mode MOSFET. Wkshp. on Native Oxides of Compound Semicond. (San Antonio, Tex., Feb. 1997).
MOY, A. M., G. W. PICKRELL, and K. Y. CHENG. Growth optimization of GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y/GaAs (0.98 m) quantum wire heterostructures. 16th North Amer. Conf. on Molec. Beam Epitaxy (Ann Arbor, Mich. Oct. 1997).
RAMACHANDRAN, S. and S. G. BISHOP. Rapid thermal annealing of chalcogenide glasses for photodarkened waveguide and grating applications. Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Appl. and Fundam. Topical Mtg. (Williamsburg, Va., Oct. 1997).
REUTER, E. E., C. YOUTSY, I. ADESIDA, and S. G. BISHOP. Photoluminescence of photoelectrochemically etched gallium nitride. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. on Nitride Semicond. (Boston, Mass., Dec. 1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K., S. D. GUNAPALA, S. V. BANDARA, F. POOL, J. K. LIU, M. McKELVEY, E. LUONG, J. TOREZAN, J. MUMULO, W. HONG, J. GILL, G. E. STILLMAN, A. P. CURTIS, S. KIM, L. J. CHOU, P. J. MARES, M. FENG, K. C. HSIEH, S. L. CHUANG, S. G. BISHOP, Y. C. CHANG, H. C. LIU, and W. I. WANG. Monolithically integrated dual-band quantum well infrared photodetector. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 484, 205-214 (1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K., S. KIM, T. HORTON, H. C. KUO, S. THOMAS, S. L. JACKSON, A. P. CURTIS, S. G. BISHOP, M. FENG, and G. E. STILLMAN. Growth and characterization of interfaces in p-type InGaAs/InP quantum-well infrared photodetectors with ultra-thin quantum wells. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp Proc., 450, 225-230 (1997).
TANG, Y., D. H. RICH. A. M. MOY, and K. Y. CHENG. Cathodoluminescence study of quantum wire array in MBE-grown (InP)2/(GaP)2 bilayer superlattice structures. Mater. Res. Soc. 1997 Spring Mtg. (San Francisco, Ca., Apr. 1997).
THOMAS, S., H. C. KUO, A. P. CURTIS, W. WU, J. R. TUCKER, and G. E. STILLMAN. Effect of gas switching on InP/InGaAs interfaces during CBE growth. 9th Int. Conf. on Indium Phosphide and Related Mater. (Hyannis, Mass., May 1997).
TURNBULL, D. A., S. G. BISHOP, P. DUA, and S. L. COOPER. Rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses as infrared sources. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Opt. (Baltimore, Md., May 1997) Tech. Digest, 11, 254-255 (1997).
WOHLERT, D. E., A. M. MOY, L. J. CHOU, K. Y. CHENG, and K. C. HSIEH. Temperature stabilized 1.55 m photoluminescence in strained GaxIn1-xAs quantum wire heterostructures. 16th North Amer. Conf. on Molec. Beam Epitaxy (Ann Arbor, Mich., Oct. 1997).
YANG, Q., Q. J. HARTMANN, A. P. CURTIS, C. LIN, D. A. AHMARI, D. SCOTT, H. C. KUO, H. CHEN, and G. E. STILLMAN. Optimization of group V switching times for InGaP/GaAs heterostructures grown by LP-MOCVD. 24th Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (San Diego, Calif., 1997).
Tunneling Microscopy
ABELN, G. C., H. CHOI, D. S. THOMPSON, S.-Y. LEE, J. MOORE, and J. W. LYDING. Nanoscale metallization and chemisorption of organic molecules on STM-patterned Si surfaces. Scanning Microscopy '97 (Chicago, Ill., May 1997).
FOLEY, E. T., G. C. ABELN, and J. W. LYDING. Cryogenic UHV STM studies of hydrogen and deuterium on Si(001) surfaces: desorption mechanisms and progress towards nanofabrication. JRCAT Wkshp. on Sci. and Technol. of Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surf. (Tsukuba, Japan, Nov. 1997).
HESS, K., J. W. LYDING, and I. C. KIZILYALLI. Deuterium passivation: device applications. 24th Conf. on the Phys. and Chem. of Semicond. Interfaces (Research Triangle Park, N. C., Jan. 1997).
KIZILYALLI, I. C., K. HESS, and J. W. LYDING. Deuterium post metal annealing of MOSFETs for improved hot carrier reliability. Mater. Res. Soc. Spring Mtg. (San Francisco, Calif., Mar./Apr. 1997).
LYDING, J. W. Large isotope effect for hydrogen/deuterium desorption from Si surfaces and implications for MOS devices. Amer. Phys. Soc. Mtg. (Kansas City, Mo., Mar. 1997).
LYDING, J. W. UHV-STM nanofabrication: progress, challenges and technology spin-offs. Beckman/Hitachi/RIKEN Int. Wkshp. on Molec. and Electron. Nanostruct. (Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan, Nov. 1997).
LYDING, J. W. UHV STM nanofabrication and semiconductor interface characterization: transitions to technology. Atomically Controlled Surf. and Interfaces Conf. (Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 1997); Int. Conf. on Solid State Devices and Mater. (Hamamatsu, Japan, Sept. 1997); Int. Mtg. on Surf. and Thin Films (Taipei, Taiwan, Mar. 1997); 6th Int. Conf. on the Formation of Semicond. Interfaces (Cardiff, Wales, Jun. 1997).
LYDING, J. W., K. HESS, and I. C. KIZILYALLI. Passivation using deuterium. Int. Conf. on Defects in Semicond. (Aveiro, Portugal, Jul. 1997).
SHEN, T.-C. Electron stimulated desorption of H from H-terminated Si(001) surfaces by STM. 7th Int. Wkshp. on Desorption Induced by Electron. Transitions (Ambleside, England, Apr. 1997).
TUCKER, J. R. New approaches to silicon nanoelectronics. Quantum Functional Devices Ann. Mtg., Res. Assn. for Future Electron Devices (Tokyo, Japan, Mar. 1997).
TUCKER, J. R. Ultra-small Schottky barrier MOSFETs and future silicon nanoelectronics. Adv. Wkshp. on Frontiers in Electron. (Tenerife, Spain, Jan 1997).
TUCKER, J. R. Will single-charge effects find application in future silicon nanoelectronics? SETTRON Symp., Euro. Community ESPRIT Progr. Rev. (Saclay, France, Jan. 1997).
TUCKER, J. R. and T.-C. SHEN. Evolving silicon nanoelectronics to the atomic scale. 3rd Int. Wkshp. on Quantum Functional Devices (Gaithersburg, Md., Nov. 1997).
TUCKER, J. R. and T.-C. SHEN. Prospects for atomically ordered device structures based on STM lithography. Int. Wkshp. on Nano-Phys. and Electron. (Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 1997).
TUCKER, J. R., C. WANG, T.-C. SHEN, and J. P. SNYDER. Silicide-based devices: a future nanoelectronics? Int. Conf. on Met. Coatings and Thin Films (San Diego, Calif., Apr. 1997).
TUCKER, J. R. and W. WU. STM imaging of quantum device structures. 24th Int. Symp. on Compound Semicond. (San Diego, Calif., Sept. 1997).
VON ALLMEN, P., K. HESS, J. W. LYDING, and I. C. KIZILYALLI. Theoretical study of hydrogen and deuterium desorption from a passivated Si(001) surface. Proc. Int. Conf. on Quantum Devices and Circuits (Alexandria, Egypt, 1997) (Ismail, Bandyopadhyay, and Leburton, eds.; Imperial College Press, World Scientific) 49-56 (1997).
Advanced Processing and Circuits
ARAFA, M. Silicon/silicon-germanium modulation-doped field effect transistors for complementary circuit applications. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, adviser (1997).
FLEURIMONT, J. A chemically assisted ion beam etching process for high quality laser mirrors in gallium arsenide. M.S. thesis, I. Adesida, adviser (1997).
GRUNDBACHER, R. Modulation-doped field effect transistors for high power microwave applications. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, adviser (1997).
HANNAN, M. Fabrication of quantum effect devices and their characterization in the ballistic transport regime. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, adviser (1997).
SCHMITZ, A. Investigations of metal contacts to gallium nitride. M.S. thesis, I. Adesida, adviser (1997).
WOHLMUTH, W. High speed and high sensitivity metal-semiconductor photodetectors for optoelectronic integrated circuit applications. Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, adviser (1997).
Analog and Digital Circuits
CHENG, Y. K. Electrothermal simulation and temperature-sensitive reliability diagnosis for CMOS VLSI circuits. Ph.D. thesis, S. M. Kang, adviser (1997).
DUAN, H. Design and development of cell queuing, processing, and scheduling modules for the iPOINT input-buffered ATM testbed. Ph.D. thesis, S. M. Kang, adviser (1997).
GUPTA, S. Power macromodeling for high level power estimation. M.S. thesis, F. N. Najm, adviser (1997).
HOSSAIN, A. Multicast video transport over iPOINT ATM testbed. Ph.D. thesis, S. M. Kang, adviser (1997).
KOZHAYA, J. Accurate power estimation for large sequential circuits. M.S. thesis, F. N. Najm, adviser (1997).
LI, E. Experimental studies and modeling of the parasitic bipolar transistor in CMOS technology. M.S. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, adviser (1997).
PARK, S. Y. An event-driven behavioral simulator for ATM switches. M.S. thesis, S. M. Kang, adviser (1997).
RAHA, P. K. Modeling, simulation, and design of EOS/ESD protection devices and circuits in silicon-on-insulator technology. Ph.D. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, adviser (1997).
YANG, J. H. Distributed Web-based applications for ATM switch control and optical link simulation. M.S. thesis, S. M. Kang, adviser (1997).
YOUNGER, D. Low-power 16-bit CMOS adders designed with static dynamic and adiabatic circuits. M.S. thesis, S. M. Kang, adviser (1997).
Applied Computation Theory
DAS, B. N. Spanning tree algorithms for connectivity and routing in communication networks. Ph.D. thesis, M. C. Loui, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2225, ACT-139.
Bioacoustics
CHANG, J. C.-H. A novel, thin silicon oxide coating for multielectrode array surface modification. M.S. thesis, B. C. Wheeler, adviser (1997).
TI, B. W. Measurements of coupled Rayleigh wave propagation in an elastic plate. M.S. thesis, W. D. O'Brien, adviser (1997).
Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing
BHOWMIK P. Translation of VHDL to DEPEND using control and data flow graphs. M.S. thesis, R. K. Iyer, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2210.
BOLTE, P.M. Crosstalk simulation in digital sequential circuits. M.S. thesis, J. Patel, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2212 and CRHC-97-08.
DEAVOURS, D. D. Solutions to large Markov chains produced by stochastic Petri nets. M.S. thesis, W. H. Sanders, adviser (1997).
HERAGU, K. P. New techniques to verify timing correctness of integrated circuits. Ph.D. thesis, J. Patel, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2233 and CRHC-97-18.
HSIAO, M. S. Sequential circuit test generation using genetic techniques. Ph.D. thesis, J. Patel, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2213 and CRHC-97-09.
KRISHNASWAMY, D. Parallel algorithms for sequential circuit fault simulation and test generation. Ph.D. thesis, J. Patel, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2221 and CRHC-97-14.
KURATTI, A. Improved techniques for parallel discrete event simulation. Ph.D. thesis, W. H. Sanders, adviser (1997).
NATARAJAN, C. Measurement-based performance analysis and modeling of parallel systems. Ph.D. thesis, R. K. Iyer, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2209.
NATARAJAN, C. Reliability models for artificial neural networks. M.S. thesis, R. K. Iyer, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2208.
NEWQUIST, J. A. Fast logic implication discovery. M.S. thesis, J. Patel, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2214 and CRHC-97-10.
RIES, G. Hierarchical simulation to assess hardware and software dependability. Ph.D. thesis, R. K. Iyer, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2230.
SAUND, G. S. Partial scan beyond cycle-cutting. M.S. thesis, J. Patel, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2215 and CRHC-97-11.
THAKUR, A. Measurement and analysis of failures in computer systems. M.S. thesis, R. K. Iyer, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2222.
TSAI, T. Benchmarking of fault-tolerant systems. Ph.D. thesis, R. K. Iyer, adviser (1997). Also UILU-ENG-97-2211.
Communications
CZERWONKA, G. J. Instantaneous frequency analyses for mechanical equipment fault identification. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, adviser (1997).
KRONGOLD, B. S. Power and bandwidth optimization for multicarrier communication systems. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, adviser (1997).
RAO, A. M. Optimal quadratic array detection using quadratic time-frequency and time-scale representations. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, adviser (1997).
STEWARD, D. L. Kalman filter analysis of an animal head-motion estimation system. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, adviser (1997).
YANG, V. Y. A vector constant modulus algorithm for shaped constellation equalization. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, adviser (1997).
Decision and Control
BISHOP, B. Intelligent visual servo control of an air hockey playing robot. Ph.D. thesis, M. W. Spong, adviser (1997).
TEZCAN, I. E. Disturbance attenuating adaptive controllers for parametric strict feedback nonlinear systems with output measurements. M.S. thesis, T. Basar, adviser (1997).
XIAO, M. Q. Control in infinite-dimensional spaces and related partial differential equations. Ph.D. thesis, T. Basar, adviser (1997).
Digital Signal and Image Processing
GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI, M. Fractal-based image and video coding using matching pursuit. Ph.D. thesis, T. Huang, adviser (1997).
HANSON, J. M. Reduced-encoding dynamic imaging. Ph.D. thesis, Z.-P. Liang, adviser (1997).
Electromagnetics
CAROLAN, S. T. Hybridization of the method of moments and the shooting-and-bouncing-ray method for scattering from large geometries with small protrusions. M.S. thesis, J. M. Jin, adviser (1997).
CHEN, Y. H. Modeling of electromagnetic and elastic wave fields in complex geophysical sensing environments. Ph.D. thesis, W. C. Chew, adviser (1997).
DHAWAN, A. High-speed modulation of distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers. M.S. thesis, S. L. Chuang, adviser (1997).
DONEPUDI, K. Spectral Lanczos decomposition method for time and frequency domain analysis of Maxwell's equations. M.S. thesis, J. M. Jin, adviser (1997).
FANG, W.-C. W. Temperature and spatial hole burning effects in semiconductor lasers and integrated devices. Ph.D. thesis, S. L. Chuang, adviser (1997).
FENG, Z. M. Analysis of shielded RF coils using moment method. M.S. thesis, J. M. Jin, adviser (1997).
LEE, T. A portable automated step frequency radar system used for inverse scattering algorithms. M.S. thesis, W. C. Chew, adviser (1997).
Engineering Education
GRAHAM, C. R. Enhancing learning environments using the Java programming language. M.S. thesis, T. N. Trick, adviser (1997).
Gaseous Electronics
GRAPPERHAUS, M. J. Multiscale transport phenomena in low-pressure plasmas. Ph.D. thesis, M. J. Kushner, adviser (1997).
HERRING, C. M. Excited state spectroscopy of diatomic argon. Ph.D. thesis, J. G. Eden, adviser (1997).
HUANG, F. Y. Transport and agglomeration of dust contaminant particles in reactive ion etch reactors. Ph.D. thesis, M. J. Kushner, adviser (1997).
HWANG, H. H. Particles in plasma processing reactors: modeling nucleation, transport and interparticle effects to reduce wafer contamination. Ph.D. thesis, M. J. Kushner, adviser (1997).
JOHN, P. C. Ultrafast dynamics and nonlinear interactions in alkali atoms and diatomics. Ph.D. thesis, J. G. Eden, adviser (1997).
High-Frequency Devices and Integrated Circuits
BARLARGE, D. W. Modeling of In0.49Ga0.51P/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor of ADC and MMIC circuit design. Ph.D. thesis, M. Feng, adviser (1997).
HEINS, M. S. Millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillators using InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, adviser (1997).
MIDDLETON, J. R. The development of high-frequency gallium arsenide MESFET and integrated circuit technology. Ph.D. thesis, M. Feng, adviser (1997).
MU, J. Design rules and HSPICE thermal electrical model of indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenide heterojunction bipolar transistors for analog-digital conversion application. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, adviser (1997).
Magnetic Resonance
BEHNIA, B. Improved resolution in microcoil NMR spectroscopy. M.S. thesis, A. G. Webb, adviser (1997).
Power and Energy Systems
HAIDACHER, R. S. Dynamic modeling and system control of a hybrid electric vehicle. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, adviser (1997).
LAUFENBERG, M. J. Dynamic sensitivity functions and the stability of power systems with FACTS controllers. Ph.D. thesis, M. A. Pai, adviser (1997).
LOGUE, D. L. Hybrid electric vehicle simulation. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, adviser (1997).
PAIRITZ, L. M. Load-sharing control of parallel variable speed induction motor drives using output inductors. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, adviser (1997).
PASCUAL, C. Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, adviser (1997).
SPLATER, S. A. Power consumption analysis of a practical series hybrid electric vehicle. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, adviser (1997).
TIAN, Y. OASIS/NET: an OASIS simulator. M.S. thesis, G. Gross, adviser (1997).
Semiconductor Physics
HANSON, J. M. Reduced-encoding dynamic imaging. Ph.D. thesis, Z.-P. Liang, adviser (1997).
LAMMERT, R. M. Design and characterization of integrated photonic devices fabricated using selective-area epitaxy and distributed Bragg reflector surface gratings. Ph.D. thesis, J. J. Coleman, adviser (1997).
Semiconductors
LIU, P. Growth and characterization of lattice-mismatched InxGa1-xP yellow light-emitting diodes on GaP. Ph.D. thesis, K. C. Hsieh, adviser (1997).
SENGUPTA, D. K. III-V multiple quantum-well long wavelength infrared detectors. Ph.D. thesis, G. E. Stillman, adviser (1997).
TURNBULL, D. A. Broad band excitation of rare earth dopants in chalcogenide glasses. Ph.D. thesis, S. G. Bishop, adviser (1997).
Tunneling Microscopy
WANG, C. Sub-0.1 micron PtSi Schottky-Barrier source/drain MOSFET. Ph.D. thesis, J. R. Tucker, adviser (1997).
Ilesanmi Adesida
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Scientific Member, Bohmische Physical Society
Oakley-Kunde Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Education, UIUC, 1994
Best Paper Award, Micro- and Nano-engineering Conference, 1996
University Scholar, UIUC, 1997
Narendra Ahuja
NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1984
University Scholar, UIUC, 1985
Beckman Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1990-91
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Association for Artificial Intelligence
Fellow, International Association for Pattern Recognition
Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering
Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Basam Bamieh
NSF Research Initiation Award, 1994
NSF CAREER Award, 1996
Tamer Basar
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Sedat Simavi Foundation Award in Mathematical Sciences (Istanbul), 1979
President, International Society of Dynamic Games, 1990-92, 1992-94
Medal of Science (Turkey), 1993
Associate Member, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1993-94
Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Control Systems Society, 1993
Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1992-94
Editor, Automatica, 1992-
George S. Axelby Outstanding Paper Award, IEEE Control Systems Society, 1995
Vice President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 1997, 1998
James Beauchamp
Fellow, Audio Engineering Society
Past President, International Computer Music Association
Stephen G. Bishop
Fellow, American Physical Society
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Distinguished Alumni Award, Gettysburg College, 1990
Board of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1992-
Richard Blahut
Member, National Academy of Engineering
IBM Fellow, 1980
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship, 1982
David Brady
David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship, 1990
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1994
Beckman Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1995
Yoram Bresler
Senior (Best Journal Paper) Awards, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1988-89
NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1991
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Technion Fellowship, 1995-96
Donna J. Brown
Outstanding Young Woman of America, 1984
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1993
Keh-Yung Cheng
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1994
Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1995, 1997
Weng Cho Chew
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Alfred Y. Cho
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Member, National Academy of Sciences
Member, American Philosophical Society
Member, Academia Sinica
Member, Chinese Academy of Science
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellow, American Physical Society
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
National Asian American Corporate Achievement Award, 1992
National Medal of Science, 1993
AT&T Bell Laboratories Fellow Award, 1993
The Medal of Honor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994
Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 1994
Elliott Cresson Medal, Franklin Institute, 1995
The C & C (Computers and Communications) Prize, Japan, 1995
Shun Lien Chuang
Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1994
Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1995
Sabbatical Chair, Sony Research Center, Japan, 1995
James J. Coleman
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, 1997-98
Paul D. Coleman, Emeritus
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Physical Society
Honorary Doctor of Science, Susquehanna University
Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984
IEEE-MTT Distinguished Educator Award, 1994
Thomas DeTemple
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Floyd Dunn, Emeritus
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Member, National Academy of Sciences
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow and Past President, Acoustical Society of America
Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, Institute of Acoustics, United Kingdom
Fellow, American Institute of Engineering in Medicine and Biology
Honorary Member, Japan Society for Ultrasound in Medicine
Fulbright-Hays Senior Fellow, 1982-83
University Scholar, UIUC, 1988
Medal of Special Merit, Acoustical Society of Japan, 1988
Silver Medal, Acoustical Society of America, 1989
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellow, 1982
American Cancer Society-Eleanor Roosevelt-International Cancer Fellow, 1982-83
Research Fellow, National Institutes of Health
Joseph H. Holmes Basic Science Pioneer Award, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1990
William J. Fry Memorial Award, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1984
World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, History of Ultrasound Pioneer Award, 1990
Fogarty International Fellow, 1990
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Career Achievement Award, 1995
Edison Metal, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996
Honorary Member, Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound
Distinguished Alumnus Award, UIUC Electrical and Computer Engineering Alumni Association, 1997
John D. Dyson, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Undergraduate Instructional Award, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, 1982
Distinguished Engineering Alumnus, South Dakota State University, 1981
J. Gary Eden
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Physical Society
Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1987-1988
Beckman Research Award, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1988
IBM Research Award, UIUC, 1995
Board of Governors, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 1990-93
Vice-President (Technical Affairs), IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 1993-95
Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 1996
Editor, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1996-99
James F. Towey University Scholar, UIUC, 1996
Editor-in-Chief, IEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 1996-
President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS), 1998
Milton Feng
Ford Aerospace Corporate Technology Award, 1988
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Beckman Research Award, UIUC, 1993
Engineering Council Advisor's List for Outstanding Advising, UIUC, 1995, 1996
IEEE/International Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium Best Paper Award, 1995
David Sarnoff Award, Technical Field Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1997
Steven J. Franke
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1989
Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1996
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Leon A. Frizzell
Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Fellow, Acoustical Society of America
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1993
Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, UIUC, 1995, 1996, 1997
Oscar L. Gaddy
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Chester S. Gardner
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
R. V. Pole Memorial Plenary Lecturer, IEEE/OSA Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1991
George Gross
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Franz Edelman Management Science Achievement Award, Institute of Management Science, 1985
Grainger Professor in Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1993-
Bruce E. Hajek
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1981
Eckman Award, American Automatic Control Council, 1982
NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1984
Beckman Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1984
Outstanding Paper Award, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1985
University Scholar, UIUC, 1986
COMCON Award, 1991
J. S. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow, 1992
President, IEEE Information Theory Society, 1995
Ibrahim Hajj
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Best Paper Award, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, 1992
Charles D. Hendricks, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Foreign Fellow, Electrostatics Society, Japan
Karl Hess
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, American Physical Society
Louis A. Fridrich University Scholar, 1993
J. J. Ebers Award, IEEE Electron Devices Society, 1993
David Sarnoff Field Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995
Tau Beta Pi D. C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1995
Swanlund Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, 1996-
Nick Holonyak, Jr.
National Medal of Science, 1990
Member, National Academy of Engineering, 1973
Member, National Academy of Sciences, 1984
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1984
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Physical Society
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Member, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC
John Scott Medal, City of Philadelphia, 1975
First GaAs Symposium Award with Welker Medal, 1976
Sigma Xi Monie A. Ferst Award, 1988
Jack A. Morton Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1981
Cordiner Award, General Electric Co., 1962
Morris N. Liebmann Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1973
Solid-State Science and Technology Award, Electrochemical Society, 1983
Edison Medal, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, 1989
Charles H. Townes Award, Optical Society of America, 1992
Honorary Doctor of Science, Northwestern University, 1992
Honorary Doctor of Engineering, Notre Dame University, 1994
Honorary Member, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1992
Award for the Industrial Application of Science, National Academy of Sciences, 1993
American Electronics Association 50th Anniversary Award, "Inventing America's Future," 1993
Centennial Medal, American Society for Engineering Education, 1993
John Bardeen Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and of Physics, 1993-
Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994
Vladimir Karapetoff Eminent Member's Award of Eta Kappa Nu, 1994
John Bardeen Award, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 1995
Japan Prize, 1995
Optical Society of America Nick Holonyak, Jr. Award, 1997
Thomas S. Huang
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Fellow, International Association of Pattern Recognition
Fellow, SPIE: The International Optical Society
J. S. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow, 1971
Senior U.S. Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1976-77
Technical Achievement Award, IEEE Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Society, 1987
Best Paper Award, Pattern Recognition, 1989, 1993, 1995
Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1990
University Scholar, UIUC, 1990
Society Award, IEEE Signal Processing Society, 1991
Fujitsu Endowed Chair Visiting Professor, University of Tokyo, 1993
William L. Everitt Distinguished Professor, UIUC, 1996-
IEEE Signal Processing Society Distinguished Lecturer, 1993-94
Peter H. Bartels Visiting Professor, University of Washington, 1997
Seth Hutchinson
NSF Research Initiation Award, 1991
Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, 1994
Wen-Mei Hwu
Intel Associate Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1992-93
IEEE Computer Society Certificate of Appreciation, for Service as Both General and Program Chair for the Silver Anniversary MICRO Conference
Eta Kappa Nu Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer Award, 1993
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1994
University Scholar, UIUC, 1994
Eta Kappa Nu Holmes MacDonald Outstanding Teaching Award, 1997
Stanley H. Pierce Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1997
Ravishankar K. Iyer
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-
Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Senior U.S. Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1991
Information Systems Award and Medal, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993
Best Paper Award, International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 1996
IEEE Computer Society 1995 Commemorative Volume highlighting the best papers of the past 25 years in fault-tolerant computing
Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, UIUC, 1994, 1996
Best Paper Award, 10th International Conference on VLSI Design, 1997
Distinguished Service Certificate, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997
W. Kenneth Jenkins
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Past President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1990-1993
Regional Editor (North America), Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, 1990-
Jianming Jin
NSF Young Investigator Award, 1994
ONR Young Investigator Award, 1995
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1997
Douglas L. Jones
Fulbright Fellowship, 1987
Sung-Mo Kang
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Foreign Member, National Academy of Engineering of Korea
President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1991
Meritorious Service Award, IEEE Computer Society, 1990
Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1991-92
Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, 1992-95
CAS Darlington Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1993
SRC Inventor Recognition Award, 1993, 1996
Series Editor, Advances in VLSI CAD, Elsevier, 1994-
Meritorious Service Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1994
Charles Marshall University Scholar, UIUC, 1995
IEEE Graduate Teaching Technical Field Award, 1996
Adviser to B. K. Whitlock, recipient of Best Student Paper Award (senior author), IEEE LEOS'95 Conference, 1995
Senior U.S. Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1996
Technical Achievement Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1997
Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim
Beckman Research Award, UIUC, 1985
Japanese Government Foreign Specialist Award, Science and Technology Agency of Japan, 1989
Best Presentation Award, ACERS, Nuclear Division, 1990
Meritorious Award, Inertial Confinement Fusion Target Fabrication Specialists Association, 1995
Paul W. Klock
Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, College of
Engineering, UIUC, 1988
Philip T. Krein
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1991, 1993
Faculty Initiate, Eta Kappa Nu, 1994
Grainger Associate, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, 1995-
Technical Vice President, IEEE Power Electronics Society, 1997
Fulbright Scholar, 1997-98
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1997
P. R. Kumar
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Donald P. Eckman Award, American Automatic Control Council, 1985
Benjamin C. Kuo, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Mark J. Kushner
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Physical Society
Fellow, Optical Society of America
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1988, 1991
Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1990
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1991, 1994
Thomas Murphy University Scholar, UIUC, 1991-1994
Semiconductor Research Corporation Technical Excellence Award, 1995
Japan Society for Advancement of Science Fellow, 1992
Tegal Thinker Award for Plasma Etch Technology, 1997
Jean-Pierre Leburton
Hitachi Ltd. Quantum Materials Chair, Research Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Tokyo, 1992
Chevalier Dans L'Ordre Des Palmes Academiques, 1994
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996
Member, New York Academy of Science
Shung-Wu Lee
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Certificate of Recognition, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993
Million Dollar Award, Lockheed Corp., 1985
Zhi-Pei Liang
Sylvia Sorkin Greenfield Best Paper Award, Medical Physics, 1990
Outstanding Staff Member Award, Panhellenic Council, UIUC, 1995
National Science Foundation CAREER Award, 1995
Beckman Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1997
Chao H. Liu, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Yuen T. Lo, Emeritus
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Member, Academy of Electromagnetics
Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984
Honorary Professor, Northwest Telecommunication Institute, Xian, China
Honorary Professor, Northwestern Technical University, Xian, China
Hallibruton Award for Engineering Education Leadership, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1986
Certificate of Appreciation for Distinguished Service to IEEE, 1991
Distinguished Alumni Award, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, 1993
Distinguished Achievement Award, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, 1996
Michael C. Loui
Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1984
Dow Outstanding Young Faculty Award, American Society for Engineering Education, 1985
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1991
Harriet and Charles Luckman Undergraduate Distinguished Teaching Award, UIUC, 1995
College of Engineering Teaching Excellence Award, UIUC, 1996
Joseph W. Lyding
IBM Postdoctoral Fellow, 1983
Arthur K. Doolittle Award, American Chemical Society, 1983
Tau Beta Pi Outstanding Teaching Award, 1984
Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, UIUC, 1984, 1985
Beckman Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1987-88
Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1996-97
IBM Partnership Award, 1996-97
University Scholar, UIUC, 1997
Upamanyu Madhow
NSF Career Award, 1996
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Richard Magin
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
P. Edward Mast, Emeritus
Honorary Member, Illinois Junior Academy of Science
Paul E. Mayes, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Member, Electromagnetics Academy
Henri Merkelo
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Best Paper Award: 1993 High Speed Digital Symposium, Paris, France, 1993
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1993, 1994
Best Paper Award, IEEE ECT Conference, 1995
Outstanding Paper Award and Prize, Design SuperConference, 1996
Sean Meyn
ORSA TIMS Award for the best publication in applied probability, 1994
Vice Chancellor's Teaching Scholar's Award, UIUC, 1994
Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, Manufacturing System Design and Analysis, 1994
Eric Michielssen
NSF CAREER Award, 1995
George H. Miley
Fellow, American Physical Society
Fellow, American Nuclear Society
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Senior Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
J. S. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow, 1985
Exceptional Service Award, American Nuclear Society, 1980
United Kingdom Research Fellow, 1987
Halliburton Engineering Education Leadership Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1990
Outstanding Achievement Award, Fusion Energy Division, American Nuclear Society, 1992
NATO Senior Fellow, Eastern European Outreach, 1994
Edward Teller Medal, 1995
Outstanding Scientist Award, Journal of New Energy, 1996
Raj Mittra, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, Electromagnetics Academy
J. S. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow, 1965-66
Past President, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society
Centennnial Medal, IEEE, 1984
Hadis Morkoc
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, American Physical Society
Pierre Moulin
Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1996-
David C. Munson, Jr.
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Past President, IEEE Signal Processing Society
Founding Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Meritorious Service Award, IEEE Signal Processing Society, 1995
Outstanding Alumnus Award, University of Delaware College of Engineering, 1995
Saburo Muroga
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Farid Najm
NSF Research Initiation Award, 1993
Best Paper Award, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, 1992
NSF CAREER Award, 1996
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996
Burks Oakley II
Searle Scholar, 1982
Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, College of
Engineering, UIUC, 1989
Stanley H. Pierce Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1991
Wyatt Challenge Award, EDUCOM, 1991
Amoco Award for Innovation in Undergraduate Instruction, UIUC, 1992
Harriet and Charles Luckman Undergraduate Distinguished Teaching Award, UIUC, 1993
Outstanding Teacher Award, American Society for Engineering Education, Illinois/Indiana Section, 1993
Educom Medal, 1996
IEEE Educational Activities Board Major Educational Innovation Award, 1996
Helen Plants Award, Frontiers in Education Conference, 1996
William D. O'Brien, Jr.
Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering
Fellow, Acoustical Society of America
Fellow and Past President, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Past President, IEEE Sonics and Ultrasonics Group
Past President, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Honorary Member, Society of Vascular Technology
Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society, 1997-98
Centennnial Medal, IEEE, 1984
Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1985-
History of Ultrasound Pioneer Award, World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 1988
Outstanding Region H IEEE Student Branch Counselor Award, 1989
Joseph H. Holmes Basic Science Pioneer Award, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1993
Past Treasurer, World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Presidential Recognition Award, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1985, 1992
Thomas Overbye
NSF Research Initiation Award, 1992
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1993, 1994
Walter Fee Outstanding Young Engineer Award, IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1993
Prize Papers, 1997 Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, 1997 North American Power Symposium
Mangalore A. Pai
Fellow, Indian National Science Academy
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, Institution of Engineers, India
Fellow, National Academy of Engineering, India
Janak H. Patel
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
William R. Perkins
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Centennnial Medal, IEEE, 1984
Past President, IEEE Control Systems Society
Distinguished Member, IEEE Control Systems Society
Halliburton Engineering Education Leadership Award, UIUC, 1987
Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Control Systems Society, 1986-87
Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Press, 1992-94
President, American Automatic Control Council,
1996-97
Education Award, American Automatic Control Council, 1997
Constantine D. Polychronopoulos
NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1989
Board of Directors, ACM SIGARCH
Kannan Ramchandran
NSF Research Initiation Award, 1994
Army Research Office Young Investigator Award, 1996
IEEE Signal Processing Society Senior Paper Award, 1996
NSF CAREER Award, 1997
ONR Young Investigator Award, 1997
N. Narayana Rao
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1987
Undergraduate Instructional Award, UIUC, 1982, 1988
Campus Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, UIUC, 1989
Oakley Award for Innovation in Instruction, UIUC, 1989
Halliburton Engineering Education Leadership Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1991
AT&T Foundation Award for Excellence in the Instruction of Engineering Students, ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section, 1991
IEEE Undergraduate Teaching Award, 1994
Umberto Ravaioli
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1990, 1994
Engineering Council Advisors List for Advising Excellence, UIUC, 1994, 1996
Elyse Rosenbaum
SRC Technical Excellence Award, 1991
Roger A. Haken Best Student Paper Award, International Electron Devices Meeting, 1991
NSF CAREER Award, 1996
William Sanders
Faculty Award, Digital Equipment Corporation, Incentives for Excellence, 1989, 1990, 1991
Dilip V. Sarwate
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, UIUC, 1996
Peter W. Sauer
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
U.S. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, 1993
National Science Foundation Engineering Directorate 1993 Cooperative Team Effort Award
Honorary Professional Degree in Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1995
Academy of Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1996
Outstanding Educator Award, IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1997
Paul D. Schomer
Fellow, Acoustical Society of America
Researcher of the Year Award, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1982
Army Research and Development Award, 1983, 1988
Head of the U.S. Delegation to International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee, 1994
Chalmers F. Sechrist, Jr.
Past President and Vice President, IEEE Education Society
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Palmes Academiques Award, French Ministry of Education, 1993
Education Society Achievement Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1993
Meritorious Service Award, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Alumni Association, 1996
Naresh Shanbhag
Darlington Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1994
NSF CAREER Award, 1996
Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1997-99
Leslie G. Smith, Emeritus
Fellow, Royal Meteorological Society
Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Tau Beta Pi Eminent Engineer, UIUC, 1988
Bang Sup Song
Distinguished Technical Staff Award, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1986
Analog Devices Career Development Professor Award, Analog Devices, 1987
Xerox Faculty Research Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1995
Gregory E. Stillman
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Past President, IEEE Electron Devices Society
Co-recipient, Jack A. Morton Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1990
Gallium Arsenide Symposium Award, 1990
Heinrich Welker Gold Medal, 1990
George W. Swenson, Jr., Emeritus
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Association for Advancement of Science
J. S. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow, 1984
Member, Academy of Electrical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Timothy N. Trick
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, International Engineering Consortium
Past President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984
Past Vice President, IEEE Publication Board
IEEE Board of Directors, 1986-89
National Engineering Consortium Board of Directors 1990-
President, National Electrical Engineering Department Heads Association, 1994-95
M. E. Van Valkenburg Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1994
University of Illinois Dads Association Outstanding Faculty Award, 1996
Alexander Vardy
Fulbright Fellowship, 1992
Rothschild Fellowship, 1992
IBM Invention Achievement Award, 1993
NSF Research Initiation Award, 1994
NSF CAREER Award, 1995
Xerox Award for Faculty Research, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1996
Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC, 1996
Fellow, David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1997-
Joseph T. Verdeyen, Emeritus
Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fellow, American Physical Society
Benjamin W. Wah
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
University Scholar, UIUC, 1989
IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-92
Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1993-96
Associate Editor-in-Chief, Information Sciences, 1993-
Fujitsu Visiting Chair Professor on Intelligence Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1992
McKay Visiting Professorship, University of California, Berkeley, 1994
Second Vice President Elect, IEEE Computer Society, 1998
Andrew Webb
NSF CAREER Award, 1997
Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, UIUC, 1995
Bruce C. Wheeler
Stanley H. Pierce Award, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1987
Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, College of Engineering, UIUC, 1989, 1993
Kung C. Yeh, Emeritus
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Panel Member, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Panel, AGARD, NATO, 1984-92
Honorary Guest Professor, Wuhan University, 1993
Scientific Achievement Award, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, NATO, 1992
Chair Professor, Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship, Taiwan, 1995-2000
Advisory Professor, Fundan University, 1997
Distinguished Alumus Award, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, 1997